Table 2.
Relationships between baseline clinical characteristics with change in bulb IMT
| Mean bulb IMT |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | p | Regression n = 191 | No change n = 200 | Progression n = 412 | |
| Age (years) | 0.11 | 0.001 | 67.9 ± 8.3 | 66.6 ± 8.8 | 69.0 ± 8.3a |
| Male gender (%) | 0.14 | 0.0001 | 56.5 | 58.0 | 70.1a |
| Current smokers (%) | 0.11 | 0.02 | 6.3 | 9.0 | 8.6 |
| BMI (kg/m−2) | 0.01 | 0.84 | 29.5 ± 5.0b | 28.2 ± 4.7 | 28.9 ± 4.6 |
| Metabolic factors | |||||
| HbA1c (mmol/mmol) | 0.01 | 0.85 | 48.0 (41.0–60.3) | 47.0 (39.0–57.0) | 48.0 (40.0–60.0) |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 0.10 | 0.007 | 2.28 ± 0.96 | 2.48 ± 0.94 | 2.52 ± 0.90 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | −0.01 | 0.83 | 1.35 ± 0.41 | 1.41 ± 0.45 | 1.37 ± 0.41 |
| TG (mmol/L) | −0.04 | 0.26 | 1.37 (0.97–1.95) | 1.28 (0.88–1.93) | 1.28 (0.96–1.69) |
| Blood pressure | |||||
| Systolic (mmHg) | 0.04 | 0.32 | 137 ± 17a | 131 ± 17 | 136 ± 17a |
| Diastolic (mmHg) | −0.04 | 0.28 | 77 ± 9 | 75 ± 9 | 76 ± 10 |
| Renal function | |||||
| eGFR | 0.03 | 0.36 | 79.5 ± 9.5 | 82.3 ± 16.5 | 79.3 ± 19.8 |
| Mean CCA IMT |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R | p | Regression n = 181 | No change n = 379 | Progression n = 299 | |
| Age (years) | −0.02 | 0.48 | 68.2 ± 8.3 | 68.6 ± 8.3 | 67.7 ± 8.6 |
| Male gender (%) | 0.02 | 0.63 | 66.9 | 65.4 | 61.8 |
| Current smokers (%) | 0.02 | 0.21 | 7.2 | 7.8 | 8.8 |
| BMI (kg/m−2) | −0.08 | 0.02 | 29.8 ± 5.2 | 29.1 ± 5.0 | 28.7 ± 4.6 |
| Metabolic factors | |||||
| HbA1c (mmol/mmol) | −0.01 | 0.86 | 49.0 (40.0–59.0) | 48.6 (40.0–60.0) | 47. 0 (40.0–56.0) |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 0.06 | 0.10 | 2.38 ± 0.99 | 2.38 ± 0.89 | 2.50 ± 0.93 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 0.09 | 0.008 | 1.27 ± 0.39a | 1.38 ± 0.44 | 1.40 ± 0.41 |
| TG (mmol/L) | −0.06 | 0.07 | 1.49 (1.10–2.10) | 1.28 (0.95–1.83) | 1.30 (0.90–1.80) |
| Blood pressure | |||||
| Systolic (mmHg) | −0.04 | 0.21 | 137 ± 18 | 134 ± 17 | 134 ± 17 |
| Diastolic (mmHg) | −0.05 | 0.18 | 77 ± 9b | 75 ± 9 | 76 ± 10 |
| Renal function | |||||
| eGFR | 0.07 | 0.05 | 76.7 ± 20.4 | 79.9 ± 18.9 | 82.0 ± 17.9 |
Variables with normal distribution are shown as mean ± standard deviation and skewed variables as median and interquartile range. eGFR: mL/min−1 per 1.73 m2. Correlations are shown as Spearman rank correlation coefficients. Weighted linear trends across IMT change categories (regression, no change, and progression) were calculated with one-way ANOVA and significance of differences versus no change with Scheffe’s post hoc test. Linear trends for categorical variables were calculated using chi-square test. TG, triglycerides.
a
p < 0.01.
b
p < 0.05.