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. 2021 Dec 6;32(3):459–482. doi: 10.1007/s11065-021-09529-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Top performing adaptive functioning instruments in terms of total number of validation studies. *Studies as defined according to COSMIN guidelines as any individual validation conducted in any given research project/paper. Thus, some individual papers reported multiple validation “studies” within that single paper. CFIRS: Child Function Impairment Rating Scale. CPAS: Children’s Participation Assessment Scale. CPQ: Child Participation Questionnaire. IBAS: Independent Behaviour Assessment Scale. PACS: Preschool Activity Card Sort. PADL: Participation in Activities of Daily Living. VABS: Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale