Fig. 4.

Quantification of misalignment during orthodontic retention with fixed retainers. Results of the superimpositions of lower canines and incisors at retainer insertion and ≥ six months later in participants provided with twistflex (n = 30) or twistflex and removable retainers (n = 27). Differences are described for the x-, y- and z-axis in degrees (tipping movements, A) or millimeters (bodily movements, B); mean ± SEM; statistically significant differences are marked with *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01 (Mann–Whitney U test)