Table 4.
Association (adjusted β-coefficient and 95%CI) between various KAB exposures studied with 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion among Zhejiang residents, SRHPP 2017–2018.
| 24-h sodium excretion, mg | 24-h potassium excretion, mg | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β-coefficienta (95% CI) | β-coefficienta (95% CI) | |||
| Adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity | Fully adjusted modelb | Adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity | Fully adjusted modelb | |
| Knowledge | ||||
| Know the diagnostic criteria of hypertension | − 0.43 (− 168.50 to 167.64) | − 7.62 (− 185.69 to 170.45) | 187.20 (115.22 to 259.19)* | 103.28 (27.06 to 179.50)* |
| Know the hazards of hypertension | − 148.27 (− 344.23 to 47.68) | − 171.13 (− 376.93 to 34.67) | 168.38 (84.15 to 252.61)* | 66.80 (− 21.47 to 155.08) |
| know the risk factors of hypertension | − 213.90 (− 423.24 to − 4.57)* | − 262.93 (− 483.02 to − 42.83)* | 168.47 (78.30 to 258.63)* | 56.84 (− 37.79 to 151.48) |
| Know less than 6 g salt per day | − 108.96 (− 281.63 to 63.72) | − 113.62 (− 296.03 to 68.79) | 156.55 (82.29 to 230.80)* | 68.85 (− 9.48 to 147.19) |
| Know that eating less salt lowers blood pressure | − 108.61 (− 286.25 to 69.03) | − 132.56 (− 314.15 to 49.03) | 102.92 (26.31 to 179.53)* | 27.56 (− 50.52 to 105.63) |
| Know the hazards of high salt | − 91.69 (− 278.88 to 95.50) | − 125.16 (− 322.15 to 71.83) | 179.86 (99.50 to 260.23)* | 80.34 (− 4.25 to 164.92) |
| Know what kind of people should eat a low-salt diet | − 148.89 (− 356.50 to 58.72) | − 169.56 (− 385.87 to 46.75) | 247.42 (158.43 to 336.42)* | 152.83 (60.07 to 245.59)* |
| Know how to use salt-restriction spoon correctly | − 46.78 (− 357.98 to 264.41) | − 24.45 (− 339.51 to 290.61) | 221.07 (86.84 to 355.29)* | 136.53 (1.13 to 271.93)* |
| Know low-sodium salt | − 43.84 (− 224.96 to 137.28) | − 42.37 (− 233.52 to 148.78) | 172.47 (94.71 to 250.22)* | 79.46 (− 2.53 to 161.46) |
| Know that low-sodium salt helps control blood pressure | − 42.15 (− 243.63 to 159.33) | − 50.71 (− 261.98 to 160.56) | 184.59 (98.03 to 271.16)* | 86.01 (− 4.62 to 176.65) |
| Attitude | ||||
| Evaluate whether low-salt diet affects taste of food | − 25.99 (− 164.77 to 112.78) | 0.13 (− 137.37 to 137.62) | 5.29 (− 54.71 to 65.29) | 7.66 (− 51.45 to 66.77) |
| Approve that low-salt diet should be promoted among the crowd | − 88.97 (− 344.20 to 166.26) | − 61.10 (− 317.62 to 195.42) | 142.20 (31.98 to 252.43)* | 73.61 (− 36.69 to 183.91) |
| Approve of low-salt diet | − 209.37 (− 470.52 to 51.77) | − 204.65 (− 465.87 to 56.57) | 153.24 (40.41 to 266.07)* | 89.51 (− 22.86 to 201.88) |
| Approve of the nutrition labeling of prepackaged food | − 30.63 (− 227.84 to 166.58) | − 41.35 (− 242.68 to 159.99) | 138.24 (53.22 to 223.26)* | 61.18 (− 25.34 to 147.70) |
| Approve that the nutrition labeling of prepackaged food will help to choose low-salt diet | − 136.41 (− 326.80 to 53.97) | − 147.26 (− 341.21 to 46.69) | 125.70 (43.55 to 207.85)* | 55.68 (− 27.72 to 139.07) |
| Behavior | ||||
| Self-assessment salt level | 304.23 (181.22 to 427.24)* | 276.18 (153.66 to 398.69)* | − 24.39 (− 77.96 to 29.19) | − 14.22 (− 67.22 to 38.77) |
| Received publicity or education on low-salt diet | 135.04 (− 32.44 to 302.53) | 135.25 (− 32.42 to 302.93) | 145.62 (73.58 to 217.66)* | 106.64 (34.81 to 178.47)* |
| Once promoted low-salt diet knowledge to people around | 5.40 (− 251.52 to 262.32) | − 6.17 (− 263.49 to 251.15) | 153.37 (42.10 to 264.65)* | 104.61 (− 6.85 to 216.07) |
| Pay attention to the nutrition label of prepackaged food | 140.73 (− 62.37 to 343.84) | 154.50 (− 54.69 to 363.69) | 166.15 (78.74 to 253.57)* | 80.32 (− 9.51 to 170.15) |
| Plan to reduce salt | 51.49 (− 150.39 to 253.37) | 50.14 (− 151.86 to 252.15) | 81.57 (− 5.59 to 168.73) | 41.15 (− 45.61 to 127.92) |
| Take initiative to reduce salt | 10.10 (− 162.81 to 183.02) | 29.06 (− 144.71 to 202.84) | 128.20 (53.76 to 202.64)* | 91.43 (16.93 to 165.94)* |
| Using or used salt-restriction spoon | 44.82 (− 223.84 to 313.47) | − 16.74 (− 287.68 to 254.19) | 155.39 (39.39 to 271.39)* | 97.97 (− 18.51 to 214.45) |
| Using salt-restriction spoon correctly | 31.11 (− 345.51 to 407.74) | 20.04 (− 358.60 to 398.67) | 244.01 (81.47 to 406.55)* | 158.40 (− 4.35 to 321.15) |
| Using or used low-sodium salt | 89.89 (− 142.63 to 322.40) | 123.83 (− 115.64 to 363.29) | 240.93 (141.23 to 340.64)* | 152.92 (50.29 to 255.54)* |
CI confidence interval.
aβ-coefficients for KAB indicate change in mg of 24-h urinary sodium or potassium excretion associated with change of options (from "No" to "Yes").
bFully adjusted models included age, sex, ethnicity, education, body mass index, history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes status, chronic kidney disease, smoking status, alcohol use status and physical activity.
*P < 0.05.