Table 5.
Association (adjusted odds ratio and 95%CI) between various KAB exposures studied with hypertensive status among Zhejiang residents, SRHPP 2017–2018.
Hypertensiveb (n = 2653) | Optimal (n = 2194) | Prehypertensive (n = 2665) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR, 95% CI | OR, 95% CI | ||||
Adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity | Fully adjusted modela | Adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity | Fully adjusted modela | ||
Knowledge | |||||
Know the diagnostic criteria of hypertension | 1.0 | 0.70 (0.62–0.80)* | 0.68 (0.59–0.79)* | 0.76 (0.67–0.85)* | 0.75 (0.66–0.85)* |
Know the hazards of hypertension | 1.0 | 0.77 (0.66–0.90)* | 0.74 (0.62–0.87)* | 0.85 (0.75–0.97)* | 0.83 (0.72–0.96)* |
know the risk factors of hypertension | 1.0 | 0.83 (0.70–0.98)* | 0.81 (0.67–0.97)* | 0.80 (0.70–0.92)* | 0.80 (0.68–0.93)* |
Know less than 6 g salt per day | 1.0 | 1.04 (0.91–1.19) | 0.99 (0.85–1.16) | 1.04 (0.93–1.18) | 1.02 (0.89–1.16) |
Know that eating less salt lowers blood pressure | 1.0 | 0.69 (0.60–0.79)* | 0.70 (0.60–0.82)* | 0.72 (0.64–0.81)* | 0.72 (0.64–0.82)* |
Know the hazards of high salt | 1.0 | 0.83 (0.72–0.96)* | 0.81 (0.69–0.96)* | 0.79 (0.70–0.90)* | 0.78 (0.68–0.90)* |
Know what kind of people should eat a low-salt diet | 1.0 | 0.78 (0.66–0.92)* | 0.78 (0.65–0.93)* | 0.85 (0.74–0.98)* | 0.86 (0.74–1.01) |
Know how to use salt-restriction spoon correctly | 1.0 | 0.86 (0.68–1.08) | 0.88 (0.69–1.13) | 0.87 (0.71–1.07) | 0.88 (0.71–1.10) |
Know low-sodium salt | 1.0 | 1.08 (0.93–1.24) | 1.05 (0.89–1.24) | 0.98 (0.86–1.12) | 0.97 (0.84–1.12) |
Know that low-sodium salt helps control blood pressure | 1.0 | 1.15 (0.98–1.35) | 1.09 (0.91–1.31) | 1.03 (0.89–1.20) | 0.99 (0.84–1.17) |
Attitude | |||||
Evaluate whether low-salt diet affects taste of food | |||||
Great influence | 1.0 | 0.91 (0.72–1.15) | 0.93 (0.72–1.19) | 0.83 (0.68–1.01) | 0.82 (0.68–1.02) |
Has some influence, but can accept | 1.0 | 0.96 (0.82–1.12) | 0.90 (0.76–1.06) | 0.91 (0.79–1.04) | 0.88 (0.76–1.01) |
No effectc | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Approve that low-salt diet should be promoted among the crowd | 1.0 | 0.98 (0.81–1.20) | 0.99 (0.80–1.23) | 0.95 (0.81–1.12) | 0.96 (0.80–1.14) |
Approve of low-salt diet | 1.0 | 0.78 (0.64–0.96)* | 0.78 (0.63–0.98)* | 0.81 (0.68–0.96)* | 0.81 (0.67–0.97)* |
Approve of the nutrition labeling of prepackaged food | 1.0 | 0.97 (0.83–1.14) | 0.95 (0.80–1.13) | 1.10 (0.96–1.26) | 1.08 (0.94–1.24) |
Approve that the nutrition labeling of prepackaged food will help to choose low-salt diet | 1.0 | 0.97 (0.83–1.12) | 0.91 (0.77–1.07) | 1.13 (0.99–1.28) | 1.09 (0.95–1.25) |
Behavior | |||||
Self-assessment salt level | |||||
Not much | 1.0 | 1.18 (0.97–1.43) | 1.05 (0.86–1.29) | 1.35 (1.14–1.59)* | 1.28 (1.08–1.53)* |
Moderate | 1.0 | 1.21 (1.02–1.44)* | 1.15 (0.95–1.39) | 1.47 (1.26–1.71)* | 1.44 (1.23–1.69)* |
Excessivec | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
Received publicity or education on low-salt diet | 1.0 | 0.84 (0.73–0.95)* | 0.84 (0.73–0.97)* | 0.84 (0.75–0.94)* | 0.84 (0.74–0.95)* |
Once promoted low-salt diet knowledge to people around | 1.0 | 0.91 (0.74–1.12) | 0.85 (0.68–1.06) | 0.98 (0.82–1.17) | 0.94 (0.78–1.13) |
Pay attention to the nutrition label of prepackaged food | 1.0 | 1.07 (0.91–1.25) | 1.11 (0.93–1.32) | 1.14 (0.99–1.31) | 1.16 (0.99–1.35) |
Plan to reduce salt | 1.0 | 0.62 (0.53–0.73)* | 0.65 (0.55–0.77)* | 0.76 (0.66–0.88)* | 0.79 (0.68–0.91)* |
Take initiative to reduce salt | 1.0 | 0.79 (0.69–0.90)* | 0.82 (0.71–0.95)* | 0.83 (0.74–0.93)* | 0.86 (0.76–0.97)* |
Using or used salt-restriction spoon | 1.0 | 0.84 (0.69–1.03) | 0.89 (0.71–1.10) | 0.93 (0.78–1.11) | 0.96 (0.80–1.15) |
Using salt-restriction spoon correctly | 1.0 | 0.78 (0.59–1.04) | 0.84 (0.62–1.14) | 0.83 (0.65–1.06) | 0.84 (0.65–1.09) |
Using or used low-sodium salt | 1.0 | 1.16 (0.97–1.38) | 1.14 (0.93–1.39) | 1.06 (0.90–1.25) | 1.05 (0.87–1.25) |
CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio.
aFully adjusted models included age, sex, ethnicity, education, body mass index, history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes status, chronic kidney disease, smoking status, alcohol use status and physical activity.
bWith hypertensive as a reference.
cWith this row as a reference.
*P < 0.05.