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. 2022 Aug 16;13:4804. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-32505-8

Fig. 3. Mannose treatment attenuates chronic colitis and intestinal barrier dysfunction in IL-10−/− mice.

Fig. 3

The IL-10−/− mice (15 weeks old, n = 6 per group) were fed with 1.0% mannose or 1.0% glucose for 4 weeks. a The body weight changes during the experiments were monitored. b, c Colon tissues were isolated on the last day of the experiment. b A representative photograph of the colon tissue from each group is provided, and the colon length was recorded. Scale bar = 1 cm. c Histological analysis of mouse colon tissue was performed by H&E, alcian blue, and Ki67 staining. Scale bar = 100 μm. Histological scores of the colitis damage were evaluated (9 slides/sample). d, e Intestinal permeability was determined by the fecal α1-antitrypsin concentration (d) and serum FD4 level (e) on day 28 after mannose or glucose treatment. f The localization of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1 in the mouse colon was determined on the last day of the experiment by immunofluorescence staining. Scale bar = 100 μm. g The level of of ZO-1, occludin, claudin-1, claudin-2, and claudin-4 in the mouse colon was assessed by western blot analysis. h The levels of MLC2, phospho-MLC2, and MLCK protein in the colons from IL-10−/− mice with or without mannose treatment were analyzed using an immunoblotting assay. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001. Data from one representative experiment of three independent experiments are presented. Data were means ± SD. Two-side, unpaired t-test for (a–i). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.