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. 2022 May 21;127(4):757–765. doi: 10.1038/s41416-022-01838-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Representative immunophenograms of highly or weakly immunogenic ICCs based on metagene analysis using the TCIA. Immunophenoscore ranges from 0 to 10 scale based on the sum of the weighted average z-score of the four categories. Act CD4/CD8 activated CD4 ⁺ /CD8 ⁺T cells, B2M beta-2 microglobulin, CP checkpoints/immunomodulators, CTLA4 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, EC effector cells, HLA human leukocyte antigen, IOCS induced T-cell co-stimulator, LAG3 lymphocyte activation gene 3, MDSC myeloid-derived suppressor cells, MHC major histocompatibility complex, PDCD1 programmed cell death 1, PDCD1LG2 programmed cell death 1 ligand 2, SC suppressor cells, TAP1/2 transporter associated with antigen processing 1/2, Tem CD4/CD8 cells effector memory CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cells, TIM-3 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3, Treg regulatory T cells. b Heatmap of 48 fluke-negative ICCs. Highly immunogenic ICCs were characterised based on effector cells, suppressor cells and MHC-related molecules. ICC intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.