Table 1.
Details of Arabidopsis accessions used in the present manuscript.
| Accession | Parental line | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Col-0 | N/A | Parental line of all mutants used in this study, except tt3-1 and tt3-1tt5-1. |
| Ler-0 | La-1 | Ler-0 is derived from La-1, which was irradiated resulting in a mutation in the ERECTA gene [82]. Parental line of tt3-1 and tt3-1tt5-1. |
| Glucosinolate and camalexin impaired lines | ||
| cyp79B2 (Indole glucosinolate and camalexin mutant) | Col-0 | Carrying a cyp79B2 gene mutation, leading to reduced conversion of tryptophan to indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOx), a precursor of indole glucosinolate and camalexin. Consequently, contents of indole glucosinolate and camalexin are reduced [83, 84]. |
| cyp79B3 (Indole glucosinolate and camalexin mutant) | Col-0 | Carrying a cyp79B3 gene mutation in the tryptophan derived indole glucosinolate and camalexin biosynthesis pathway, resulting in similar effects as for cyp79B2 [84, 85]. |
| cyp79B2cyp79B3 (Indole glucosinolate and camalexin double mutant) | Col-0 | Double mutant carrying the cyp79B2 and cyp79B3 mutations, resulting in reduced indole glucosinolate and camalexin contents [84, 85]. |
| pad2-1 (Camalexin mutant) | Col-0 | Carrying a pad2-1 mutation in the tryptophan derived camalexin biosynthesis pathway, resulting in reduced camalexin content [86]. |
| pad3-1 (Camalexin mutant) | Col-0 | Carrying a pad3-1 mutation in the tryptophan derived camalexin biosynthesis, resulting in negligible camalexin content [87, 88]. |
| gsm1-1 (Aliphatic glucosinolate mutant) | Col-0 | Carrying a gsm1 (=TU1) mutation in the methionine derived aliphatic glucosinolate pathway, resulting in reduced levels of C4 aliphatic glucosinolates and increased levels of C3 aliphatic glucosinolates [89, 90]. |
| gsm2-1 (Aliphatic glucosinolate mutant) | Col-0 | Carrying the gsm2 (=TU3) mutation in the methionine derived aliphatic glucosinolate pathway, resulting in increased C4 aliphatic glucosinolate content, and deficiency of aliphatic glucosinolates with heptyl and octyl core groups [89, 91]. |
| myb51 (Indole glucosinolate mutant; transcription factor) | Col-0 | Carrying a mutation in the myb51 transcription factor, which is involved in the indole glucosinolate and camalexin biosynthesis pathway, resulting in reduced indole glucosinolate content in roots [64]. |
| tgg2-1 (Myrosinase mutant) | Col-0 | Carrying a tgg2 mutation resulting in reduced myrosinase activity in roots, resulting in reduced conversion of indole and aliphatic glucosinolates to toxic compounds such as nitrile, epithionitrile, isothiocyanate and thiocyanate [92]. |
| tgg1tgg2 (Myrosinase double mutant) | Col-0 | Double mutant containing tgg1tgg2 mutations. Undetectable myrosinase activity resulting in plants failing to breakdown aliphatic and indole glucosinolates into toxic nitriles, epithionitrile, isothiocyanate and thiocyanate [92]. |
| Flavonoid impaired lines | ||
| tt3-1 (Flavonoid mutant) | Ler-0 | Carrying a tt3 mutation in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, resulting in increased quercetin and kaempferol content and reduced anthocyanin and tannin contents [93]. |
| tt3-1tt5-1 (Flavonoid double mutant) | Ler-0 | Double mutant containing tt3tt5 mutations in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, resulting in reduced kaempferol and anthocyanin contents [65, 94]. |
| ttg1ttg2 (Flavonoid double mutant) | Col-0 | Double mutant containing ttg1ttg2 mutations in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, resulting in reduced contents of anthocyanidins and oxidized tannin [95, 96]. |
| pap1-D (Overexpressed activation tagging line) | Col-0 | Activation tagging line, overexpressing the pap1 gene encoding a MYB75 transcription factor, which is involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, resulting in high contents of flavonoids, anthocyanidins, hydroxycinnamic acids, syringyl and guaiacyl lignin [65, 66]. |