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. 2022 Jul 25;144(3):437–464. doi: 10.1007/s00401-022-02470-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

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Fig. 6 — Levels of C9orf72 and synapsin-1 are reduced in C9ALS/FTD hippocampus. a Representative image of post-mortem immunohistochemistry staining for C9orf72 in the hippocampus of a neurologically healthy control (CTRL) brain with the CA1, CA2, CA3 and CA4 region indicated. Scale bar: 1 mm. Box denotes zoom area. Open arrows in zoom illustrate the interface between the CA3 and CA2 region. Scale bar 100 µm. b Representative images of C9orf72 staining in the hippocampus of a CTRL and a C9ALS/FTD case. Insert: red areas depict the automated colour threshold used for quantification of the staining. Scale bar 50 µm. The area fraction of positive staining was determined in two CA3 and two CA4 regions per case and is presented as box and whisker plots; n (CA3/Ca4 regions), CTRL = 12 from 3 cases, C9ALS/FTD = 20 from 5 cases. Statistical significance was determined by unpaired two-tailed t test, *P < 0.05. c–d Representative images of Syn1 (c) and SV2 (d) staining in the hippocampus of a CTRL, C9ALS/FTD and FTD case. Insert: red areas depict the automated colour threshold used for quantification of the staining. Scale bar 50 µm. The area fraction of positive staining was determined in two CA3 and two CA4 regions per case and is presented as box and whisker plots; n (CA3/Ca4 regions); Syn1 n (CA3/Ca4 regions) CTRL = 16 from 4 individuals, C9ALS/FTD = 20 from 5 cases, FTD = 12 from three cases; SV2 n (CA3/Ca4 regions) CTRL = 12 from 4 individuals, C9ALS/FTD = 20 of 5 cases, FTD = 12 from three cases. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test, ns (not significant), **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001