TABLE 1.

Sociodemographic characteristics of respondents.

Characteristics	Depressive symptoms						P-value1
	No		Yes		Total
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Total	661	74.4	228	25.7	889	100.0
Living area
Urban	74	11.3	43	18.9	117	13.2	0.004
Rural	582	88.7	185	81.1	767	86.8
Gender
Male	276	42.0	88	38.6	364	41.1	0.376
Female	382	58.1	140	61.4	522	58.9
Education
Not go to school	10	1.5	3	1.3	13	1.5	0.031
Primary/Secondary school	216	32.7	81	35.7	297	33.5
High school	201	30.5	48	21.2	249	28.1
College	155	23.5	54	23.8	209	23.6
University/Post-graduate	78	11.8	41	18.1	119	13.4
Marital status
Single/Divorce/Widow	86	13.0	26	11.4	112	12.6	0.528
Have spouse/partner	575	87.0	202	88.6	777	87.4
Occupation
Job without income	31	4.7	9	4.0	40	4.5	0.005
Freelancer	171	25.9	53	23.3	224	25.2
White-collar	124	18.8	55	24.1	179	20.1
Worker	85	12.9	32	14.0	117	13.2
Farmer	168	25.4	70	30.7	238	26.8
Other	82	12.4	9	4.0	91	10.2
Monthly income quintile
Low	267	41.0	94	41.4	361	41.1	0.376
Medium	174	26.7	51	22.5	225	25.6
High	210	32.3	82	36.1	292	33.3
Health insurance
No	190	29.1	37	16.3	227	25.8	<0.001
Yes	464	71.0	190	83.7	654	74.2
Leisure-time exercise
Sedentary	234	35.9	71	31.6	305	34.8	0.009
Moderately	98	15.0	54	24.0	152	17.3
Active	320	49.1	100	44.4	420	47.9
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	p-value
Age (unit: year)	41.18	12.74	44.86	14.80	42.12	13.38	0.003
Number of family member	4.10	1.24	3.73	1.47	4.00	1.31	<0.001
Household monthly income (unit: dollar)	428.60	212.31	446.08	310.69	433.12	241.54	0.754

¹The p-value refers to test the statistical differences between people with depressive symptoms and those without.