TABLE 4.

Basic descriptions and reliability of Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) instrument.

Items	Respondence (%)				Mean (SD)	Skewness	Kurtosis	Item-total correlation	Cronbach’s alpha if item deleted
	Not at all	Some	Often	Nearly all of the time
Factor 1: Somatic					0.49 (0.48)	1.02	4.17
Anhedonia	515 (57.93)	334 (37.57)	35 (3.94)	5 (0.56)	0.47 (0.60)	1.04	3.84	0.65	0.81
Depressed mood	588 (66.14)	275 (30.93)	22 (2.47)	4 (0.45)	0.37 (0.56)	1.34	4.67	0.62	0.82
Sleep disturbance	476 (53.54)	362 (40.72)	41 (4.61)	10 (1.12)	0.53 (0.64)	1.05	4.15	0.68	0.80
Fatigue	390 (43.87)	438 (49.27)	42 (4.72)	19 (2.14)	0.65 (0.67)	0.97	4.41	0.67	0.81
Appetite changes	546 (61.42)	303 (34.08)	35 (3.94)	5 (0.56)	0.44 (0.60)	1.19	4.16	0.63	0.82
Factor 2: Cognitive/Affective					0.11 (0.29)	3.93	22.47
Low Self-esteem	796 (89.54)	80 (9.00)	7 (0.79)	6 (0.67)	0.13 (0.41)	3.98	22.05	0.66	0.73
Concertation difficulties	761 (85.60)	114 (12.82)	9 (1.01)	5 (0.56)	0.17 (0.44)	3.11	14.67	0.66	0.74
Psychomotor disturbances	799 (89.88)	79 (8.89)	8 (0.90)	3 (0.34)	0.12 (0.38)	3.77	19.99	0.68	0.72
Suicidal ideation	863 (97.08)	21 (2.36)	5 (0.56)	0 (0.00)	0.03 (0.21)	6.71	51.76	0.57	0.80
PHQ-9 score (range: 0–27)					2.91 (3.16)	1.78	7.73