Table 4.
Risks for fetal CHDs in different titanium in pregnant women blood concentrations.
| Group | Levels | Cases | Controls | cOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All CHDs | Low | 51 | 151 | Reference | Reference |
| High | 46 | 43 | 2.731 (1.589–4.694) | 2.706 (1.547–4.734) | |
| The isolated CHDs | Low | 23 | 151 | Reference | Reference |
| High | 20 | 43 | 1.820 (0.915–3.619) | 1.976 (0.975–4.006) | |
| The multiple CHDs | Low | 24 | 151 | Reference | Reference |
| High | 24 | 43 | 2.640 (1.384–5.035) | 2.382 (1.219–4.655) | |
| The Syndrome CHDs | Low | 4 | 151 | Reference | Reference |
| High | 2 | 43 | 0.777 (0.133–4.529) | 0.829 (0.125–5.486) | |
| PDA | Low | 36 | 151 | Reference | Reference |
| High | 34 | 43 | 2.512 (1.416–4.455) | 2.412 (1.336–4.357) | |
| ASDs | Low | 24 | 151 | Reference | Reference |
| High | 24 | 43 | 2.477 (1.297–4.730) | 2.367 (1.215–4.609) | |
| VSDs | Low | 3 | 151 | Reference | Reference |
| High | 4 | 43 | 2.165 (0.454–10.334) | 3.430 (0.578–20.354) | |
| AVSDs | Low | 2 | 151 | Reference | Reference |
| High | 2 | 43 | 1.908 (0.251–14.497) | 1.462 (0.188–11.372) |
aOR, adjusted odds ratio; cOR, crude odds ratio. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% CIs; The optimal cut-off value of ROC curve of serum titanium concentration in pregnant women was divided into high and low concentrations; all models were adjusted for maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal age, education, monthly household income, active/passive smoking during pregnancy (yes, no), alcohol consumption before pregnancy, take vitamins or minerals.