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. 2022 Aug 17;16(1):345–362. doi: 10.1007/s12063-022-00304-5

Table 5.

Multicollinearity in the model

Term VIF Final VIF
GDP 5.62 2.85
GDP Growth 1.75 1.72
GDP per Capita 4.7 4.57
Foreign Direct Investment 10.79 -
R&D Expenditure 3.02 3.02
Employment Rate 1.15 1.15
Population with Bachelor’s Degree 3.88 3.83
Population Density 1.59 1.56
Urban Population 4.04 3.90
Internal Private Credit 4.16 3.94