Table 7.

Certainty assessment according to GRADE guidelines for peri‐implantitis in relation to a larger emergence angle (≥30°) and a convex emergence profile

Aspects of determining certainty	Outcome
The number included studies	3 (Figure 1)
Study design	Case‐control/cross‐sectional (observational) (Table 3)
Risk of bias	Moderate to high (Supporting Information: Appendix S3)
Precision of data	Imprecise
Consistency of results	Mostly consistent
Directness of evidence	Restricted generalizability
Reporting bias	Possible
The magnitude of the risk	Moderate to large (weighted mean)
Certainty	Weak (based on the above)
The direction of the evidence	There is “weak” evidence that an abutment emergence angle >30° is associated with a higher risk of peri‐implantitis or marginal bone loss. There is very weak evidence for a relationship between a convex emergence profile and a higher risk of peri‐implantitis.

Abbreviation: GRADE, grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation.