Table 2.
Risk factor analysis with presence of any TAC as the outcome
| Variable | Units | Univariate model |
Age and sex adjusted |
Age, sex and cardiovascular risk factor adjusted |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | ||
| Total DISH group | Present vs absent | 2.28 (1.87, 2.78) | <0.001 | 1.46 (1.18, 1.81) | <0.001 | 1.46 (1.17, 1.82)d | <0.001 |
| Grade 1 DISH | Present vs absent | 1.92 (1.41, 2.63) | <0.001 | 1.30 (0.93, 1.82) | 0.12 | 1.19 (0.84, 1.70)d | 0.33 |
| Grade 2 DISH | Present vs absent | 2.91 (2.17, 2.63) | <0.001 | 2.00 (1.39, 2.89) | <0.001 | 2.05 (1.41, 3.00)d | <0.001 |
| Grade 3 DISH | Present vs absent | 2.18 (1.54, 3.09) | <0.001 | 1.21 (0.84, 1.74) | 0.32 | 1.21 (0.82, 1.78)d | 0.33 |
| Agea | +1 year | 1.09 (1.08, 1.10) | <0.001 | 1.09 (1.08, 1.10) | <0.001 | 1.1 (1.08, 1.11) | <0.001 |
| Sexb | Male vs female | 1.46 (1.28, 1.65) | <0.001 | 1.67 (1.45, 1.92) | <0.001 | 1.77 (1.53, 2.05) | <0.001 |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | Present vs absent | 1.32 (1.14, 1.52) | <0.001 | 1.15 (0.99, 1.34) | 0.07 | 1.21 (0.67, 2.28) | 0.55 |
| BMI | +1 kg | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) | <0.001 | 0.96 (0.95, 0.98) | <0.001 | 0.97 (0.96, 0.99) | <0.001 |
| Glucose | +1 mmol/l | 1.05 (1.02, 1.08) | 0.002 | 1.04 (1.01, 1.08) | 0.02 | 1.03 (0.99, 1.08) | 0.16 |
| HbA1c | +1% | 1.16 (1.09, 1.24) | <0.001 | 1.15 (1.07, 1.24) | <0.001 | 1.07 (0.97, 1.19) | 0.16 |
| Renal function | +1 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 0.98 (0.97, 0.98) | <0.001 | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 0.12 | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 0.09 |
| SBP | +1 mmHg | 1.01 (1.01, 1.01) | <0.001 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.01) | 0.005 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.01) | 0.01 |
| Hypertension | Present vs absent | 1.15 (1.00, 1.31) | 0.049 | 1.06 (0.92, 1.24) | 0.41 | 0.84 (0.68, 1.05) | 0.14 |
| Pulse pressure | +1 mmHg | 1.03 (1.02, 1.03) | <0.001 | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | <0.001 | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) | <0.001 |
| Non HDL cholesterol | +1 mmol/l | 1.00 (0.95, 1.04) | 0.84 | 1.12 (1.07, 1.18) | <0.001 | 1.12 (1.06, 1.18) | <0.001 |
| hs-CRPc | +1 log(mg/l) | 1.14 (1.08, 1.21) | <0.001 | 1.10 (1.04, 1.17) | 0.002 | 1.11 (1.01, 1.21) | 0.03 |
| Metabolic syndrome | Present vs absent | 1.11 (0.99, 1.26) | 0.38 | 1.09 (0.95, 1.24) | 0.21 | 1.15 (0.98, 1.34) | 0.08 |
| Smoking | Current vs former | 1.45 (1.27, 1.67) | <0.001 | 1.61 (1.38, 1.88) | <0.001 | 1.61 (1.38, 1.89) | <0.001 |
| Pack-years | +1 pack-year | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | <0.001 | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | <0.001 | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol use | Current vs former drinker | 0.93 (0.80, 1.08) | 0.35 | 1.06 (0.90, 1.27) | 0.48 | 0.95 (0.79, 1.13) | 0.55 |
| History of vascular disease | Yes vs no | 2.10 (1.82, 2.42) | <0.001 | 1.36 (1.15, 1.60) | <0.001 | 1.63 (1.37, 1.95) | <0.001 |
a
Sex adjusted.
b
Age adjusted.
c
Log transformed.
d
Additionally adjusted for lipid-lowering drug use.
Third model adjusted for age, sex, BMI, diabetes mellitus, smoking status, non-HDL cholesterol, renal function and BP.