Table 1.
Percentage of new-onset diabetes at follow-up during 2008–2012 by baseline demographic and clinical characteristics (25 variables) in all participants.
| Variables, N (%) | New-onset diabetes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (%) | Yes (%) | Total | P-value | |
| Number (%) | 14,632 (91.83) | 1,302 (8.17) | 15,934 | |
| Sex | 0.44 | |||
| Women | 10,649 (91.72) | 961 (8.28) | 11,610 | |
| Men | 3,983 (92.11) | 341 (7.89) | 4,324 | |
| Age, years | <0.001 | |||
| <55 | 3,465 (94.93) | 185 (5.07) | 3,650 | |
| 55–65 | 6,958 (91.69) | 631 (8.31) | 7,589 | |
| ≥65 | 4,209 (89.65) | 486 (10.35) | 4,695 | |
| Education | <0.001 | |||
| Primary school or below | 5,496 (90.29) | 591 (9.71) | 6,087 | |
| Middle school | 7,824 (93.01) | 588 (6.99) | 8,412 | |
| College or above | 1,308 (91.40) | 123 (8.60) | 1,431 | |
| Occupation | 0.18 | |||
| Manual | 8,777 (91.69) | 795 (8.31) | 9,572 | |
| Non-manual | 3,509 (91.59) | 322 (8.41) | 3,831 | |
| Others | 2,261 (92.78) | 176 (7.22) | 2,437 | |
| Family income, CNY/year | 0.53 | |||
| <10,000 | 724 (91.53) | 67 (8.47) | 791 | |
| 10,000–49,999 | 7,993 (92.07) | 688 (7.93) | 8,681 | |
| ≥50,000 | 2,700 (92.59) | 216 (7.41) | 2,916 | |
| Smoking | 0.24 | |||
| Never smokers | 11,986 (91.71) | 1,083 (8.29) | 13,069 | |
| Former smokers | 1,197 (91.65) | 109 (8.35) | 1,306 | |
| Current smokers | 1,422 (92.94) | 108 (7.06) | 1,530 | |
| Drinking | 0.02 | |||
| Never drinkers | 8,821 (91.24) | 847 (8.76) | 9,668 | |
| Former drinkers | 311 (91.20) | 30 (8.80) | 341 | |
| Current drinkers | 4,344 (92.60) | 347 (7.40) | 4,691 | |
| Physical activity | 0.054 | |||
| Inactive | 1,257 (93.53) | 87 (6.47) | 1,344 | |
| Moderately active | 5,722 (91.55) | 528 (8.45) | 6,250 | |
| Active | 7,653 (91.76) | 687 (8.24) | 8,340 | |
| Insomnia | 0.39 | |||
| No | 12,091 (91.77) | 1,085 (8.23) | 13,176 | |
| Yes | 2,466 (92.29) | 206 (7.71) | 2,672 | |
| Daytime napping | 0.007 | |||
| No | 5,246 (92.65) | 416 (7.35) | 5,662 | |
| Yes | 9,308 (91.41) | 875 (8.59) | 10,183 | |
| Snoring | <0.001 | |||
| No | 5,538 (93.11) | 410 (6.89) | 5,948 | |
| Yes | 6,155 (90.66) | 634 (9.34) | 6,789 | |
| Do not know | 2,862 (92.06) | 247 (7.94) | 3,109 | |
| Current health status compared with others | 0.13 | |||
| Good | 3,800 (92.50) | 308 (7.50) | 4,108 | |
| Average | 9,362 (91.53) | 866 (8.47) | 10,228 | |
| Poor | 1,398 (92.28) | 117 (7.72) | 1,515 | |
| Self-reported general health | ||||
| Better | 209 (90.09) | 23 (9.91) | 232 | 0.32 |
| About the same | 11,812 (91.84) | 1,050 (8.16) | 12,862 | |
| Poor | 2,201 (91.75) | 198 (8.25) | 2,399 | |
| Worse | 29 (100) | 0 (0) | 29 | |
| Hypertension | <0.001 | |||
| No | 9,199 (94.61) | 524 (5.39) | 9,723 | |
| Yes | 5,357 (87.45) | 769 (12.55) | 6,126 | |
| Heart rate, beats/min | <0.001 | |||
| <60 | 748 (93.27) | 54 (6.73) | 802 | |
| 60–99 | 13,536 (91.91) | 1,192 (8.09) | 14,728 | |
| ≥100 | 348 (86.14) | 56 (13.86) | 404 | |
| Lipid-lowering drugs | <0.001 | |||
| No | 13,126 (92.06) | 1,132 (7.94) | 14,258 | |
| Yes | 473 (85.69) | 79 (14.31) | 552 | |
| Self-reported coronary heart disease | 0.24 | |||
| No | 14,142 (91.90) | 1,246 (8.10) | 15,388 | |
| Yes | 418 (90.28) | 45 (9.72) | 463 | |
| Family history of diabetes | <0.001 | |||
| No | 13,047 (92.26) | 1,095 (7.74) | 14,142 | |
| Yes | 1585 (88.45) | 207 (11.55) | 1,792 | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | <0.001 | |||
| <25.0 | 10,251 (94.03) | 651 (5.97) | 10,902 | |
| 25.0–29.9 | 3,915 (87.64) | 552 (12.36) | 4,467 | |
| ≥30.0 | 437 (81.84) | 97 (18.16) | 534 | |
| Waist circumference, cm | <0.001 | |||
| <90 in men/<80 in women | 10,283 (94.12) | 642 (5.88) | 10,925 | |
| ≥90 in men/≥80 in women | 4,307 (86.80) | 655 (13.20) | 4,962 | |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | <0.001 | |||
| <0.9 | 11,017 (93.59) | 755 (6.41) | 11,772 | |
| ≥0.9 | 3,564 (86.82) | 541 (13.18) | 4,105 | |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | <0.001 | |||
| <1.7 | 10,166 (93.93) | 657 (6.07) | 10,823 | |
| ≥1.7 | 4,441 (87.34) | 644 (12.66) | 5,085 | |
| High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, mmol/L | <0.001 | |||
| <1.0 | 326 (85.12) | 57 (14.88) | 383 | |
| ≥1.0 | 14,279 (91.99) | 1,244 (8.01) | 15,523 | |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L | 0.04 | |||
| <3.4 | 8,866 (92.18) | 752 (7.82) | 9,618 | |
| ≥3.4 | 5,707 (91.27) | 546 (8.73) | 6,253 | |
| Impaired fasting glucose | <0.001 | |||
| No | 10,872 (95.67) | 492 (4.33) | 11,364 | |
| Yes | 3,675 (82.64) | 772 (17.36) | 4,447 | |