Table 2.
Available data on milk IgA and IgG response to vaccine antigens administered during pregnancy.
| Author, year and country | Vaccine type | Pathogen analyzed/ Disease | Specific IgAa | Specific IgGa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shahid et al. (2002) Bangladesh112 | Meningococcal vaccine ‒ polysaccharide from groups A, C, Y and W-135 (Menomune®, Sanofi Pasteur Inc., Swiftwater, PA) | Neisseria meningitidis/Sepsis and meningitis | ↑ | NE |
| Shahid et al. (1995) Bangladesh113 | 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (Pnu-Immune 23®, Lederle-Praxis Biologicals, Pearl River, NY) | Pneumococcus serotypes 6B and 19F/Pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media, sinusitis, and sepsis | ↑ | NE |
| Munoz et al. (2001) USA114 | 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine (Pneumovax23®; Merck and Co. Inc., West Point, PA) | Pneumococcus serotypes 6B, 14, 19F and 23F | ↑ | ↑ |
| Lehmann et al. (2003) Papua New Guinean115 | 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (Pneumovax II; Pasteur Mérieux, Lyon, France) | Pneumococcus serotypes 5, 7F, 14 and 23F | ↑ | NE |
| Obaro et al. (2004) Gambian116 | 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (Pneumovax II; Pasteur Mérieux, Lyon, France) | Pneumococcus serotypes 4, 6B, 14, 19F and 23F | ↑ SIgA | NE |
| Deubzer et al. (2004) Gambian117 | Polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (Pneumovax II; Pasteur Mérieux, Lyon, France) | Pneumococcus serotypes 6B and 14 | ↑ SIgA | NE |
| ↑ avidity and inhibition of pneumococcus adhesion to epithelial cells | ||||
| Schlaudecker et al. (2013) Bangladesh118 | Inactivated influenza virus vaccine (Fluarix; GSK Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium) | Influenza A/New Caledonia (H1N1), A/Fujian (H3N2), and B/Hong Kong/ Flu | ↑ IgA and virus neutralization | NE |
| Abu Raya et al. (2014) Israel119 | Tdap (Boostrix; GSK Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium) | Pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, and pertactin/ Whooping cough | ↑ | ↑ |
| Lima et al. (2019) Brazil120 | Tdap vaccine (Boostrix; GSK Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium) | Pertussis toxin and whole cell B. pertussis | = | NE |
| Orije et al. (2021) Belgium121 | Pertussis-containing vaccine (Tdap, Boostrix, GSK Biologicals) | Pertussis toxin | = | ↑ |
a
Comparison of specific IgA/SIgA or IgG levels in breast milk between vaccinated and non-vaccinated mothers. (↑) Higher level was found in breast milk from vaccinated women compared to non-vaccinated ones. (=) No differences were found between vaccinated and non-vaccinated women. NE, Not Evaluated.