Table 3.

Estimated unadjusted and adjusted associations between maternal work status exposure and intermediate outcomes of child morbidity, dietary intake, health and hygiene behaviors

Intermediate outcomes	Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	N
	Maternal work status (currently working)	Controlled for child’s age and sex; maternal education; household wealth, slum location
Child Sickness
Fever in last 3 months
No	Ref	Ref	343
Yes	2.12 (1.00, 4.51)^	1.91 (0.99, 3.65)^
Diarrhea in last 3 months
No	Ref	Ref	343
Yes	0.89 (0.43, 1.86)	0.80 (0.37, 1.69)
Child Diet
Breastfeeding
Exclusive breastfeeding for first 6 months
No	Ref	Ref	343
Yes	0.76 (0.44, 1.30)	0.73 (0.41, 1.31)
Complementary breastfeeding between 7 and 23 months
No	Ref	Ref	327
Yes	0.50 (0.21, 1.21)	0.69 (0.28, 1.66)
Complementary feeding (children > 6 months)a
No. of times child ate soft/semi/solid food yesterday (4 or more)
No	Ref	Ref	327
Yes	2.48 (1.11, 5.54)*	1.84 (0.67, 5.04)
No. of IYCF food groups child ate yesterday (4 or more)
No	Ref	Ref	327
Yes	2.06 (0.95, 4.45)^	1.39 (0.58, 3.36)
1.Vitamins of plant origin (vegetables, fruits, grains) – child ate 2 or more source yesterday
No	Ref	Ref	327
Yes	1.43 (0.73, 2.81)	1.15 (0.52, 2.52)
2.Vitamins of animal origin (breastmilk, dairy poducts, flesh foods, eggs) – child ate 2 or more source yesterday
No	Ref	Ref	327
Yes	0.96 (0.29, 3.15)	0.82 (0.25, 2.64)
3. Proteins (nuts/legumes, dairy products, flesh foods, eggs) - child ate 2 or more source yesterday
No	Ref	Ref	327
Yes	1.50 (0.71, 3.17)	0.75 (0.33, 1.68)
Health and hygeine behaviors
Sought treatment when child last had fever/cough
No	Ref	Ref	343
Yes	1.07 (0.56, 2.04)	1.37 (0.67, 2.80)
ANC visits
None or less than 4	Ref	Ref	343
4 or more	1.30 (0.61, 2.79)	0.85 (0.31, 2.36)
Child’s place of birth
Facility	Ref	Ref	343
Home	1.01 (0.53, 1.89)	1.04 (0.54, 1.99)
Fully Vaccinatedb
No	Ref	Ref	343
Yes	0.35 (0.19, 0.66)***	0.41 (0.21, 0.81)*
Water is available at handwashing placee
No	Ref	Ref	343
Yes	1.00 (0.62, 1.60)	0.61 (0.30, 1.22)
Soap/detergent present at handwashing place c
No	Ref	Ref	343
Yes	0.78 (0.49, 1.24)	0.77 (0.50, 1.18)
Treat water at home for safer drinking (boiling/ cloth straining)
No	Ref	Ref	343
Yes	0.58 (0.30, 1.14)	0.89 (0.39, 2.02)
Store drinking water at home
No	Ref	Ref	343
Yes	0.43 (0.27, 0.68)***	0.47 (0.27, 0.81)**

OR Odds Ratio, CI Confidence Interval, ANC antenatal care; standard errors clustered; data on missing covariates were imputed

^p ≤ 0.10; *p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.01; *** p ≤ 0.001

^aDon’t know’ is assumed ‘no’ in calculation of diet diversity and meal frequency variable

^bChildren 8 months and under were coded as vaccinated

^cObservations with no handwashing place observed coded as ‘no’