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. 2022 Aug 17;22:1565. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13911-5

Table 3.

The results of unit root test

Variables DF-GLS (ERS) Order of integration (I)
Level 1st Diff
LNLEX -1.951a -2.889c I(1)
LNGLOB -0.773 -2.931c I(1)
LNRE -0.063 -2.573b I(1)
LNNRE -1.071 -2.924c I(1)
LNICT -0.619 -3.056c I(1)
LNGDPC -0.103 -3.942c I(1)
LNEDU -1.422 -4.492c I(1)
LNFD -1.261 -5.264c I(1)

(a, b and c stipulate statistical significance, respectively, at 10%, 5% and 1% levels; H0: The variable has a unit root, and H1: Rejects H0)