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. 2022 Aug 3;12:949656. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.949656

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Copyright © 2022 Wang, Cheng, Wu and Li

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The circRNA/PI3K/AKT signaling axis in CRC. PI3K consists of a catalytic (P110) domain and a regulatory (P85) domain. PI3K is activated by a variety of growth factors and signaling complexes. Activated PI3K promotes PIP2 phosphorylation to produce PIP3, which activates PDK1. AKT is then phosphorylated at Thr308 of PDK1. Ultimately, AKT induces cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and angiogenesis by mediating multiple signaling pathways such as mTOR, GSK-3β, P53, CREB, P27, and NF-κB.