Table 2.
Summary of studies included in the meta-analysis
| Study | Study type | Participant characteristics | Number of participants (age) | Duration | Intervention | Placebo | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aghababaee (2015) <span style=”baseline”> 59]</span> | RCT | Dyslipidemia | Inv: 36 (45.08±7.58) Con: 36 (45.61±8.69) | 8 weeks | 300 ml/d blackberry juice with pulp | Usual diets | Iran |
| Arvestöm (2018) <span style=”baseline”>[67]</ span> | RCT | Dyslipidemia | Inv: 25 (66 (62-71)) Con: 25 (68 (62-74)) | 8 weeks | 10 g freeze-dried bilberries in capsules | Capsules with bilberry flavor | Sweden |
| Amani (2014) <span style=”baseline”>[72]</ span> | RCT | T2DM | Inv: 19 (51.9±8.2) Con: 17 (51.1±13.8) | 6 weeks | Freeze-dried strawberry beverages (25g/d powder) | Isocaloric drink with strawberry flavor | Iran |
| Burton-Freeman (2010)<span style=”baseline”>[60]</ span> | RC | Dyslipidemia | Inv: 12 Con: 12 (50.9±15.0) | 2x6 weeks | Strawberry drink containing 10 g/d freeze- dried strawberry | Drink matched in energy and macronutrients | USA |
| Basu (2010) <span style=”baseline”>[70]</ span> | RCT | MetS | Inv: 15 (45.0±3.0) Con: 12 (48.0±5.3) | 8 weeks | Strawberry drink containing 50 g/d freeze- dried strawberry | 4 cups of water | USA |
| Basu (2011) <span style=”baseline”>[71]</ span> | RCT | MetS | Inv: 15 Con: 16 (52.0±8.0) | 8 weeks | 480 ml/d cranberry juice | 480 ml/d placebo drink | USA |
| Basu (2014) <span style=”baseline”>[61]</ span> | RCT | Dyslipidemia | LD-FDS: 15 (50±10) LD-C: 15 (48±10) HD-FDS: 15(49±11) HD-C: 15 (48±10) | 12 weeks | LD-FDS: 25 g/d HD-FDS: 50 g/d Freeze-dried strawberry powder | Red food color, strawberry- flavored, fibers from vegetables and gums | USA |
| Curtis (2019) <span style=”baseline”>[58]</ span> | RCT | MetS | Inv 1: 39 (62.6±7.2) Inv 2: 37 (63.0±5.9 Con: 39 (62.9±8.1) | 6 months | Inv 1: % cup blueberries Inv 2: 1 cup blueberries | Isocaloric and macronutrientmatching food | UK |
| Kanellos (2014) <span style=”baseline”>[73]</ span> | RCT | T2DM | Inv: 26 (63.7±6.3) Con: 22 (63±8.5) | 24 weeks | 36g/d of Corinthian raisins,fewer fruits and vegetables than usual | Usual diet,fewer grapes and raisins | Greece |
| Kianbakht (2014) <span style=”baseline”>[41]</ span> | RCT | Dyslipidemia | Inv: 40 (51.3±15.27) Con: 40 (55.8±13.28) | 2 months | 4 times daily consumption of capsules containing 2.45 mg anthocyanin each | 4 times daily consumption of placebo capsule containing no anthocyanin | Iran |
| Li (2015)<span style=”baseline”>[46]</ span> | RCT | T2DM | Inv: 29 (57.6±3.4) Con: 29 (58.1±2.3) | 24 weeks | 160 mg anthocyanin capsule twice daily | Placebo capsule containing no anthocyanin twice daily | China |
| Mirfeizi (2016)<span style=”baseline”>[74]</ span> | RCT | T2DM | Inv: 30 (55±10) Con: 45 (54±12) | 90 days | 1 g/d of whortleberry | Starch capsules | Iran |
| Mulero (2012)<span style=”baseline”>[68]</ span> | RCT | Dyslipidemia | Inv: 18 Con: 15 | 6 months | 300 ml citrus juice including aronia berry extract once daily | 300 ml citrus juice once daily | Spain |
| Novotny (2015)<span style=”baseline”>[62]</ span> | RCT | Dyslipidemia | Inv: 29 (49.8±11.3) Con: 27 (51.3±11.1) | 8 weeks | 240 ml/d low-calorie cranberry juice | Placebo product, unclear masking | USA |
| Paquette (2017) <span style=”baseline”>[63]</ span> | RCT | Dyslipidemia | Inv: 20 (57±1) Con: 21 (60±1) | 6 weeks | Beverage containing 333 mg strawberry and cranberry polyphenols | Flavor- matched drink containing no polyphenols | Canada |
| Ruel (2008) <span style=”baseline”>[64]</ span> | RC | Dyslipidemia | Inv 1: 30 Inv 2: 30 Inv 3: 30 Con: 30 (51±10) | 4x4 weeks | Inv 1: 125 mlcranberry juice + 375ml placebo drink Inv 2: 250 mlcranberry juice + 250 ml placebo drink Inv 3: 500 mlcranberry juice | Control: 500 ml placebo drink | Canada |
| Xie (2017) <span style=”baseline”>[65]</ span> | RCT | Dyslipidemia | Inv: 25 (32.6±2.6) Con: 24 (37.4±3.0) | 12 weeks | 2 capsules daily providing 500 mg/d of aronia extract | 2 placebo capsules identical in color and appearance daily | USA |
| Javid (2018) <span style=”baseline”>[75]</ span> | RCT | T2DM | Inv: 9 (57.88±6.03) Con: 12 (53.60±6.23) | 8 weeks | 200 ml/d cranberry juice | No placebo product | Iran |
| Zhang (2015) <span style=”baseline”>[49]</ span> | RCT | NAFLD | Inv: 37 (44.9±7.5) Con: 37(46.9±7.7) | 12 weeks | 320 mg anthocyanin- containing capsules from bilberry and black currant | Placebo capsules | China |
| Zhu (2011) <span style=”baseline”>[69]</ span> | RCT | Dyslipidemia | Inv: 73 Con: 73 | 12 weeks | 320 mg anthocyanin/day | Placebo capsule containing no anthocyanin | China |
| Zunino (2011) <span style=”baseline”>[66]</ span> | RC | Dyslipidemia | Inv: 20 Con: 20 Male: 29.4+6.6 Female: 31.8±11.4 | 7 weeks | Diets provided 7/d/week containing 4 servings strawberries/day | Diets provided 7/d/week containing no strawberry powder | USA |
Legend: Age given with ±SD, SEM, or range if provided. If age was not provided in articles per group for intervention and control groups, age shown is for both groups and sexes combined. Abbreviations: Inv -intervention group, Con -control group, LD-FD -low-dose freeze-dried strawberries, HD-FDS -high-dose freeze-dried strawberries, LD-C -low-dose freeze-dried strawberry control group, HD-C -high-dose freeze-dried strawberry control group, RC - randomized crossover, RCT - randomized controlled trial, T2DM - type 2 diabetes mellitus.