TABLE 1.
Baseline demographics of the studied population (n = 565)
| Characteristics | Total sample | Patients with an amyloid PET scan n = 197 | Patients without an amyloid PET scan n = 368 | p‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years | 73.78 ± 8.93 | 69.57 ± 0.42 | 76.04 ± 0.49 | <0.001* |
| Male gender | 549 (97.17) | 190 (96.4) | 359 (97.6) | 0.41 |
| Years of education | 13.80 ± 2.63 | 13.85 ± 2.54 | 13.77 ± 2.68 | 0.69 |
| MoCA initial visit | 20.02 ± 4.74 | 20.29 ± 0.35 | 19.88 ± 0.25 | 0.33 |
| Family history of dementia | 191 (35.9) | 66 (36.1) | 125 (35.8) | 0.95 |
| Psychiatric history | ||||
| History of PTSD | 170 (30.3) | 72 (36.4) | 98 (26.7) | 0.02 |
| Substance abuse | 202 (35.9) | 75 (37.9) | 127 (34.6) | 0.12 |
| Depression | 188 (33.5) | 74 (37.4) | 114 (31) | 0.44 |
| History of TBI | 206 (45.9) | 78 (50.0) | 128 (43.7) | 0.20 |
| Vascular risk factors | ||||
| Hypertension | 400 (70.8) | 129 (65.2) | 271 (73.8) | 0.03 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 390 (69.0) | 135 (23.9) | 255 (45.1) | 0.85 |
| Diabetes | 165 (29.2) | 56 (28.3) | 109 (29) | 0.86 |
| Coronary artery disease | 137 (24.3) | 39 (19.7) | 98 (26.7) | 0.06 |
| Stroke | 70 (12.5) | 25 (12.6) | 45 (12.2) | 0.90 |
| Cognitive syndrome | n = 550 | n = 192 | n = 358 | <0.001* |
| Unimpaired | 10 (1.8) | 0 (0) | 10 (2.8) | 0.02 |
| SCD | 32 (5.8) | 4 (2.1) | 28 (7.8) | 0.01 |
| MCI | 308 (56.0) | 124 (64.6) | 184 (51.4) |
<0.005 |
| Dementia | 200 (36.4) | 64 (33.3) | 136 (38.0) | 0.28 |
| Clinical diagnosis | n = 435 | n = 174 | n = 261 | <0.001* |
| Alzheimer disease | 219(50.3) | Prior scan: | After initial evaluation: | |
| Vascular | 39 (9.0) | AD: 107 (61.5) | AD: 112 (42.9) | |
| Lewy body diseases | 30 (6.9) | Non‐AD: 57 (32.8) | Non‐AD: 136 (52.1) | |
| Psychiatric disorders | 28 (6.4) | Unclear dx: 10 (5.7) | Unclear: 13 (5.0) | |
| FTD | 14 (3.2) | |||
| CTE | 10 (2.3) | |||
| Atypical parkinsonism | 10 (2.3) | |||
| PPA | 7 (1.6) | |||
| Other | 55 (12.6) | |||
| Unclear† | 23 (5.3) | |||
| Met AUC | 403/523 (77.0) | 193/197 (98.0) | 210/326(64.4) | <0.001* |
| Cognitive testing | ||||
| CERAD | ||||
| Encoding totala | 13.94 ± 4.69 | 13.84 ± 0.35 | 14.00 ± 0.24 | 0.70 |
| Delayed recallb | 3 (IQR 1‐5) | 4 (IQR 1‐5) | 3 (IQR 1‐5) | 0.79 |
| Corr. recognitionb | 8 (IQR 6‐10) | 8 (IQR 7‐10) | 8 (IQR 6‐10) | 0.95 |
| TMT part A timeb | 52 (IQR 38‐77.5) | 47 (IQR 37‐71) | 54 (IQR 40‐80) | 0.05 |
| TMT part B timeb | 127 (IQR 87‐204) | 114 (IQR 77‐192) | 136 (IQR 90‐216) | 0.05 |
| FASb | 27 (IQR 20‐36) | 27 (IQR 21‐35) | 27 (IQR 20‐36) | 0.26 |
| Total categoriesb | 28 (IQR 21‐36) | 29 (IQR 20‐38) | 28 (IQR 21‐35) | 0.60 |
| FAS/CATb | 0.96 (IQR 0.76‐1.29) | 0.92 (IQR 0.72‐1.25) | 0.98 (IQR 0.77‐1.30) | 0.12 |
| Boston naming testb | 13 (IQR 11‐14) | 13 (IQR 12‐14) | 13 (IQR 11‐14) | 0.52 |
| GDSb | 4 (IQR 2‐7) | 4 (IQR 2‐7) | 4 (IQR 2‐7) | 0.92 |
| GAIb | 4 (IQR 1‐10) | 4 (IQR 1‐11) | 3.5 (IQR 1‐10) | 0.52 |
| MRI | ||||
| Pattern of atrophy | ||||
| Anterior temporal | 194 (35.9) | 66 (33.3) | 128 (34.9) | 0.70 |
| Medial temporal | 294 (54.4) | 108 (54.5) | 186 (50.7) | 0.39 |
| Parietal | 219 (40.6) | 78 (39.4) | 141 (38.0) | 0.74 |
| Frontal | 149 (27.70) | 52 (26.0) | 97 (26.0) | 1.00 |
| Small vessel disease | 261 (48.4) | 86 (43.4) | 175 (47.7) | 0.32 |
| Lacunar strokes | 54 (10.04) | 12 (6.0) | 42 (11.4) | 0.04 |
| Microhemorrhages | 40 (7.48) | 7 (3.5) | 33 (8.9) | 0.02 |
| Amyloid PET completed | 197 (34.87) | |||
| Number of visit the PET was ordered | ||||
| First | 85 (43.2) | |||
| Second | 85 (43.2) | |||
| Third | 22 (11.2) | |||
| Fourth | 5 (2.5) | |||
| Positive studies | 72 (36.5) |
Values represent number (percentage) and means with standard deviation (SD) unless specified. IQR = interquartile range; MoCA = Montreal Cognitive assessment; TBI = traumatic brain injury; SCD = subjective cognitive decline; MCI = mild cognitive impairment; FTD = frontotemporal dementia; CTE = chronic traumatic encephalopathy; PPA = primary progressive aphasia; AUC = Appropriate use criteria; CERAD = Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease. †Unclear category: etiological process of the cognitive decline was unclear after the initial evaluation a t‐test, bMann Whitney test. * were significant after correcting for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni correction at adjusted cut off of p < 0.001