Fig. 1.

Metabolomics showed differences among groups of BC, benign, and HC. A Working pipeline for metabolomic analysis. B, C Volcano plot showing the metabolites that were significantly different between BC and HC groups and benign and HC groups, respectively. Each point represents a metabolite, red: upregulated metabolites, blue: downregulated metabolites. D, E Score plots of OPLS-DA models showing the separation between BC and HC groups and benign and HC groups, respectively. Each point represents a sample, red: BC patients, green: benign patients, blue: HC controls