Table F.1.
Examples of 2‐phenylcrotonaldehyde [FL‐no: 05.062] occurrence in foodstuff
| Food item | Process | Qualitative | Quantitative (ppm) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) | Cooked | 0.01 | Tressl et al. (1977) | |
| Raw | Yes | |||
| Black tea | Raw | Yes | Sato et al. (1970) | |
| Information not available | Yes | Bricout et al. (1967) | ||
| Microbial fermentation | Yes | Kawakami et al. (1987) | ||
| Fermentation/Microbial fermentation | Yes | Kobayashi and Kawakami (1991) | ||
| Brewing | 0.1–0.15 | Schreier and Mick (1984) | ||
| Buckwheat flour | Boiled | Yes | Yajima et al. (1983) | |
| Cocoa butter | From roasted and unroasted beans | Yes | Carlin et al. (1982) | |
| Cocoa liquor | Beans are roasted, shelled and finely ground into liquor | Yes | Counet et al. (2004) | |
| Baigrie and Rumbelow (1987) | ||||
| Muggler‐Chavan and Reymond (1967) | ||||
|
Coffee |
Roasting | 0.1–0.2 | Silwar et al. (1987) | |
| Information not available | 0.6 | Silwar (1982) | ||
| Dark chocolate | Produced in house | Yes | Afoakwa et al. (2009) | |
| Produced by roasted beans and conching | Owusu et al. (2012) | |||
| Milk chocolate | Storage | Yes | Ziegleder and Stojacic (1988) | |
| Cocoa beans | Roasting | 2.5–3 | Silwar (1988) | |
| Roasting | Yes | Van Praag et al. (1968) | ||
| Raw/Roasting | Yes | Ziegleder (1991) | ||
| Filbert hazelnut (Corylus avellana) | Roasting | Yes | Kinlin et al. (1972) | |
| Katsuobushi (Dried bonito – variety of fish) | Drying – soup stock | Yes | Washino et al. (1989) | |
| Macadama nut (Macadamia integrifolia) | Roasting and grinding | Yes | Crain and Tang (1975) | |
| Barley | Malting |
|
Kossa et al. (1979) | |
| Raw | Yes | Farley and Nursten (1980) | ||
| Fish meat paste, soy and rice miso | Fermentation | Yes | Giri et al. (2010) | |
| Mushrooms | Raw | 0.1 | Pyysalo (1975) | |
| Raw and pressed into juices | Yes | Pyysalo (1976) | ||
| Raw | Yes | Pyysalo and Honkanen (1976) | ||
| Okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.) | Raw | Yes | Ames and MacLeod (1990) | |
| Peanut oil | Cold‐pressed from raw and roasted peanuts | 0.1 | Brown et al. (1973) | |
| Roasted peanuts | Yes | Johnson et al. (1971) | ||
| Pork (liver) | Pressure Cooked | Yes | Mussinan and Walradt (1974) | |
| Potato chips (American) | Frying | Yes | Buttery (1973) | |
| Rice bran | Raw | Yes | Tsugita et al. (1978) | |
| Sesame seed | Roasting | Yes | Manley et al. (1974) | |
| Soybean | Extrusion from defatted flour | Yes | Ames and Macleod (1984) | |
| Yeast extract (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) | Processed in different ways and supplied as powder | Yes | Ames and Elmore (1992) | |
| Processed in different ways and supplied as paste | Yes | Mahadevan and Farmer (2006) |