Table 2. Pregnancy Losses, Pregnancy Complications, and Neonatal Complications Among Female Nonsurgeons and Female Surgeons.
| Variable | No. (%) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female nonsurgeons (n = 158) | Female surgeons (n = 692) | ||
| Miscarriages | |||
| Pregnancy loss at <10 wk, mean (SD) | NA | 1.65 (1.37) | NA |
| No. | NA | 244 | |
| Amount of time off work following loss at <10 wk | NA | ||
| 0 d | NA | 196 (80.3) | |
| 1-7 d | NA | 42 (17.2) | |
| 1-2 wk | NA | 3 (1.2) | |
| 3-4 wk | NA | 3 (1.2) | |
| >4 wk | NA | 0 | |
| Pregnancy loss at 10-20 wk, mean (SD) | NA | 1.10 (0.43) | NA |
| No. | NA | 92 | |
| Amount of time off work following loss at 10-20 wk | NA | ||
| 0 d | NA | 56 (60.9) | |
| 1-7 d | NA | 33 (35.9) | |
| 1-2 wk | NA | 0 | |
| 3-4 wk | NA | 2 (2.2) | |
| >4 wk | NA | 1 (1.1) | |
| Pregnancy loss at >20 wk (stillbirth or neonatal demise), mean (SD) | NA | 1.09 (0.30) | NA |
| No. | NA | 11 | |
| Amount of time off work following loss at >20 wk | NA | ||
| 0 d | NA | 2 (18.2) | |
| 1-7 d | NA | 3 (27.3) | |
| 1-2 wk | NA | 1 (9.1) | |
| 3-4 wk | NA | 3 (27.3) | |
| >4 wk | NA | 2 (18.2) | |
| Pregnancy complications | |||
| Major complications | |||
| Preeclampsia | 10 (6.3) | 115 (16.6) | .001 |
| Placental abruption | 9 (5.7) | 30 (4.3) | .46 |
| Placenta previa or accreta | 3 (1.9) | 12 (1.7) | .89 |
| Intrauterine growth restriction | 7 (4.4) | 57 (8.2) | .10 |
| Preterm labor/PPROM | 13 (8.2) | 82 (11.9) | .19 |
| Placental insufficiency/oligohydramnios | 3 (1.9) | 25 (3.6) | .28 |
| Intrapartum and postpartum complications | |||
| Cesarean deliverya | 24 (15.3) | 170 (25.5) | .007 |
| Postpartum hemorrhage | 3 (1.9) | 30 (4.3) | .15 |
| Postpartum depression | 9 (5.7) | 77 (11.1) | .04 |
| Minor complications | |||
| Hyperemesis | 12 (7.6) | 53 (7.7) | .98 |
| Musculoskeletal complaints | 29 (18.4) | 255 (36.9) | <.001 |
| Low back pain | 18 (11.4) | 184 (26.6) | <.001 |
| Carpal tunnel syndrome | 6 (3.8) | 85 (12.3) | .002 |
| Other musculoskeletal pain | 14 (8.9) | 117 (16.9) | .01 |
| Other complication | 15 (9.5) | 90 (13.0) | .23 |
| Neonatal complications | |||
| Preterm delivery <37 wk, No./total No. (%) | 13/71 (18.3) | 69/541 (15.2) | .51 |
| Gestational age at preterm delivery, mean (SD), y | 34.30 (2.65) | 34.35 (2.33) | .95 |
| NICU stay with complication | 25 (15.8) | 108 (15.6) | .95 |
| Blood transfusion | 3 (1.9) | 7 (1.0) | .35 |
| Congenital anomalies | 3 (1.9) | 14 (2.0) | .92 |
| Hypoxia requiring supplemental oxygen | 8 (5.1) | 51 (7.4) | .30 |
| Intraventricular hemorrhage | 0 | 2 (0.3) | .50 |
| Intubation | 6 (3.8) | 17 (2.5) | .35 |
| Meconium aspiration | 2 (1.3) | 4 (0.6) | .35 |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Neonatal sepsis | 1 (0.6) | 0 | .04 |
| Nerve palsy | 1 (0.6) | 2 (0.3) | .51 |
| Pneumothorax | 0 | 5 (0.7) | .28 |
| Seizures | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.1) | .25 |
| Skeletal fracture | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Therapeutic hypothermia | 1 (0.6) | 2 (0.3) | .51 |
| NICU stay with no complications | 5 (3.2) | 29 (4.2) | .55 |
| Other | 7 (4.4) | 32 (4.6) | .92 |
Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; PPROM, preterm premature rupture of membranes.
a
Elective cesarean sections were excluded.