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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2021 Jun 8;60(11):1382–1393. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.04.021

Figure 1. Differences in Adopted Infants and Those Reared by Their Biological Mothers.

Figure 1.

Note: Depiction of the behavioral and neuroendocrine differences among adopted infants (portrayed by the black bars) and those reared by their biological mothers (portrayed by the white bars). Adopted infants exhibited more time in behavioral withdrawal during separations, when compared to infants reared by their biological mothers (F(1,134)=5.16, p=.03; Panel 1A). Adopted infants exhibited a progressive decline in plasma ACTH concentrations over the four separations, while infants reared by their biological mothers had higher plasma ACTH concentrations on week 1, compared to weeks 2–4 (F(1,132)=5.01, p=.03; Panel 1B). Adopted infants also exhibited higher ACTH concentrations in both hour-1 and hour-2, when compared to infants that were raised by their biological mother (F(1,132)=6.60, p=.01; Panel 1C). Error bars represent standard error of the mean.