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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2021 Jun 8;60(11):1382–1393. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.04.021

Table 2.

Assessing Rearing Differences in Infant Behavioral Withdrawal and ACTH Concentrations During the Separation Paradigm

Mean SEM

Adopted Biological Adopted Biological p

Behavioral withdrawal

Week 1 102.16 76.77 6.80 3.68 .001
Week 2 83.86 65.01 5.73 3.10 .004
Week 3 76.92 66.70 5.43 2.94 .10
Week 4 79.97 69.64 5.72 3.10 .12

ACTH (Week)

Week 1 493.93 388.15 41.35 21.25 .02
Week 2 380.89 253.58 33.90 17.43 .001
Week 3 310.29 223.22 27.62 14.20 .006
Week 4 259.59 232.10 28.41 14.60 .39

ACTH (Hour)

Hour 1 414.08 305.67 32.60 16.75 .004
Hour 2 308.70 242.83 26.70 13.72 .03

Note. Boldface type indicates a significant difference (p < .05).