Table 2. Multivariable predictors of all-cause mortality.

Variables		Multivariable model #1			Multivariable model #2
		Adjusted HR	95% CI	p value	Adjusted HR	95% CI	p value
Age (per +1 year)		1.045	1.038–1.053	<0.001	1.045	1.038–1.052	<0.001
Male sex		1.313	1.143–1.508	<0.001	1.340	1.161–1.546	<0.001
Systolic blood pressure (per +1 mmHg)		0.996	0.994–0.999	0.003	0.996	0.994–0.999	0.002
Diabetes mellitus		1.304	1.135–1.498	<0.001	1.326	1.150–1.528	<0.001
Hemoglobin (per +1 g/dL)		0.919	0.889–0.951	<0.001	0.922	0.891–0.954	<0.001
Glomerular filtration rate (per +1 mL/min/1.73 m2)		0.995	0.992–0.998	0.001	0.994	0.991–0.997	<0.001
Natriuretic peptide level (decile)		1.006	1.003–1.009	<0.001	1.055	1.025–1.086	<0.001
Use of beta-blockers		0.672	0.585–0.770	<0.001	0.647	0.562–0.745	<0.001
Use of RAS blockers		0.648	0.562–0.747	<0.001	0.646	0.559–0.747	<0.001
LV-GLS (per +1%)		0.941	0.926–0.957	<0.001	0.942	0.926–0.959	<0.001
BMI (per +1 kg/m2)		0.951	0.932–0.970	<0.001	-	-	-
WHO Asia-Pacific BMI classification
	Obesity II (reference)	-	-	-	Reference
	Obesity I	-	-	-	1.345	0.852–2.124	0.204
	Overweight	-	-	-	1.606	1.016–2.539	0.042
	Ideal BMI	-	-	-	1.744	1.112–2.734	0.015
	Underweight	-	-	-	2.729	1.686–4.417	<0.001

Multivariable model #1 was performed using BMI as a continuous variable, and multivariable model #2 was performed using BMI as a categorical variable: BMI categories were defined according to the World Health Organization Asia-Pacific BMI classification: BMI <18.5 kg/m² (underweight), BMI 18.5–23 kg/m² (ideal BMI), BMI 23–25 kg/m² (overweight), BMI 25–30 kg/m² (obesity class I), and BMI ≥30 kg/m² (obesity class II).¹⁴⁾

HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval; RAS = renin-angiotensin system; LV = left ventricular; GLS = global longitudinal strain; BMI = body mass index.