Table 3.
Effectiveness of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Against All Lower Respiratory Tract Infection or Pneumonia End Points
| Respiratory Virus Detected | PCV13 Receipt | Matched VE (95% CI), %a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case Patients | Controls | Adjusted for Matching Factors Only | Adjusted for All Measured Confounders | |||
| % | No./Total No. | % | No./Total No. | |||
| Any virus detected | 67.3 | 9324/13 856 | 67.8 | 154 409/227 887 | 6.4 (−.2 to 12.6) | 23.4 (17.9–28.6) |
| Any virus detected, by specific virus identified | ||||||
| Influenza A | 63.6 | 2515/3956 | 62.8 | 44 091/70 178 | −1.8 (−15.4 to 10.3) | 16.1 (4.5–26.2) |
| Influenza B | 56.5 | 645/1141 | 62.2 | 8365/13 455 | 35.5 (19.3–48.5) | 43.4 (28.4–55.3) |
| RSV | 76.3 | 1116/1462 | 78.0 | 18 424/23 622 | −26.6 (−55.5 to −2.5) | 0.5 (−23.3 to 19.7) |
| HCoVs (229E, HKU1, OC43, NL63) | 67.9 | 662/975 | 69.7 | 9683/13 902 | 15.4 (−9.9 to 34.8) | 27.4 (4.5, 44.7) |
| Parainfluenza viruses (1–4) | 75.8 | 954/1259 | 74.7 | 18 396/24 616 | −6.4 (−36.0 to 16.8) | 17.3 (−5.7 to 35.2) |
| Adenoviruses | 48.3 | 83/172 | 39.3 | 1095/2785 | −63.0 (−210.3 to 14.3) | −46.1 (−194.6 to 27.5) |
| HMPV | 69.2 | 1010/1460 | 68.9 | 15 040/21 834 | 6.3 (−15.5 to 24.0) | 24.6 (6.9–39.0) |
| Enteroviruses | 68.2 | 2339/3431 | 68.4 | 39 315/57 495 | 8.2 (−5.6 to 20.2) | 28.2 (17.4–37.6) |
| Single virus detected | ||||||
| Influenza A | 63.0 | 2327/3693 | 62.6 | 41 171/65 754 | 2.1 (−11.5 to 14.1) | 18.6 (7.0–28.8) |
| Influenza B | 55.7 | 574/1030 | 61.7 | 7399/11 998 | 35.5 (18.6–48.9) | 41.6 (25.4–54.2) |
| RSV | 76.1 | 976/1283 | 78.0 | 15 772/20 230 | −10.8 (−38.3 to 11.2) | 9.8 (−13.4 to 28.2) |
| HCoVs (229E, HKU1, OC43, NL63) | 68.8 | 511/743 | 72.4 | 7477/10 325 | 19.7 (−9.2 to 41.0) | 31.5 (5.9–50.1) |
| Parainfluenza viruses (1–4) | 75.5 | 886/1174 | 75.4 | 17 263/22 893 | 6.7 (−19.9 to 27.4) | 24.4 (2.9–41.2) |
| Adenoviruses | 45.3 | 58/128 | 36.4 | 782/2148 | −44.2 (−233.5 to 37.7) | −32.2 (−234.0 to 47.7) |
| HMPV | 69.0 | 933/1353 | 68.8 | 14 125/20 536 | 6.4 (−16.4 to 24.8) | 24.1 (5.3–39.1) |
| Enteroviruses | 67.8 | 2136/3149 | 68.1 | 35 920/52 732 | 14.2 (.8–25.8) | 31.5 (20.7–40.8) |
| No virus detected (negative for all)b | 67.2 | 2391/3560 | 68.2 | 35 403/51 885 | 19.7 (8.4–29.6) | 30.0 (19.9–38.8) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HCoVs, human coronaviruses; HMPV, human metapneumovirus; PCV13, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; VE, vaccine effectiveness.
VE is calculated for an end point of any medically attended lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI)/pneumonia for which viral respiratory polymerase chain reaction panel testing was conducted and the indicated results (pathogen detections) were obtained. Separate estimates for pneumonia and nonpneumonia LRTI end points are presented in Table 4, while Table 5 presents results for hospitalized and nonhospitalized case patients. Estimates are obtained via the adjusted odds ratio of prior PCV13 receipt in case patients versus matched controls, for each end point designated according to diagnosis, hospitalization status, and respiratory virus detection, estimated using logistic regression with covariate adjustment for all measured confounders.
We analyzed data from a randomly sampled subset of all virus-negative case patients.