Table 1.
Characteristics and ICU management in pregnant women with COVID-19
| No intubation (n = 114) | Intubation (n = 73) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | |||
| Age (years) | 33 ± 6 | 34 ± 5 | 0.14 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.1 (26.4–33.5) | 31.5 (27.1–34.5) | 0.02 |
| SAPS-2 score | 18 (14–26) | 27 (20–39) | < 0.001 |
| SOFA score at ICU admission | 2 (1–3) | 4 (3–7) | < 0.001 |
| Obesity, n (%) | 35 (31) | 41 (56) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 6 (5) | 6 (8) | 0.54 |
| Smokers, n (%) | 8 (7) | 3 (4) | 0.53 |
| Asthma, n (%) | 10 (9) | 4 (5) | 0.40 |
| Immunosuppression, n (%) | 2 (2) | 0 (0) | 0.52 |
| CT scan, n (%) | 84 (74) | 58 (79) | 0.37 |
| Extent of CT Scan abnormalities, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| < 10% | 3 (4) | 3 (5) | |
| 10–25% | 26 (31) | 3 (5) | |
| 25–50% | 32 (38) | 12 (21) | |
| 50–75% | 20 (23) | 29 (50) | |
| > 75% | 3 (4) | 11 (19) | |
| Obstetric history | |||
| Term of pregnancy at ICU admission (weeks’ gestation) | 27 ± 8 | 29 ± 6 | 0.04 |
| Previous pregnancy, n (%) | 53 (46) | 33 (45) | 0.86 |
| Twin pregnancy, n (%) | 5 (4) | 4 (5) | 0.74 |
| Gestational hypertension, n (%) | 3 (3) | 7 (10) | 0.05 |
| Gestational diabetes, n (%) | 23 (20) | 25 (34) | 0.03 |
| Preeclampsia, n (%) | 2 (2) | 6 (8) | 0.06 |
| Oxygenation variables at ICU admission | |||
| FiO2 (%) | 40 (30–51) | 70 (50–97) | < 0.001 |
| PaO2 (mmHg) | 81 (68–100) | 85 (70–120) | 0.06 |
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio | 198 (148–302) | 147 (96–206) | < 0.001 |
| SaO2 (%) | 96 (94–98) | 97 (94–98) | 0.79 |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 30 (27–33) | 31 (26–37) | 0.05 |
| pH | 7.44 (7.40–7.46) | 7.40 (7.31–7.44) | < 0.001 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 0.9 (0.7–1.4) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | 0.47 |
| Ventilatory management | |||
| Standard oxygenation, n (%) | 41 (36) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 |
| HFNO, n (%) | 70 (61) | 50 (68) | 0.32 |
| NIV, n (%) | 18 (16) | 23 (32) | 0.01 |
| Intubation, n (%) | 0 (0) | 73 (100) | < 0.001 |
| Awake prone positioning, n (%) | 5 (4) | 3 (4) | 1.00 |
| Awake prone positioning under HFNO, n (%) | 5 (7) | 3 (6) | 1.00 |
| Awake prone positioning under NIV, n (%) | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 0.47 |
| Prone positioning, n (%) | 0 (0) | 41 (56) | < 0.001 |
| Number of prone positioning sessions | 0 (0) | 3 (1–6) | NA |
| Neuromuscular blocker agents, n (%) | 0 (0) | 64 (88) | < 0.001 |
| Venovenous ECMO, n (%) | 0 (0) | 15 (21) | < 0.001 |
| Veno-arterial ECMO, n (%) | 0 (0) | 3 (4) | 0.06 |
| Tracheostomy, n (%) | 0 (0) | 6 (8) | < 0.01 |
| Treatments during ICU stay for SARS-CoV-2 infection | |||
| Corticosteroids, n (%) | 100 (88) | 57 (78) | 0.08 |
| Dexamethasone, n (%) | 91 (91) | 55 (96) | |
| Prednisolone, n (%) | 3 (3) | 1 (2) | |
| Prednisone, n (%) | 3 (3) | 0 (0) | |
| Hydrocortisone, n (%) | 3 (3) | 1 (2) | |
| Tocilizumab, n (%) | 14 (12) | 11 (15) | 0.58 |
| Delays and duration of ventilatory support | |||
| Delay from onset of symptoms to hospital admission (days) | 7 (4–9) | 6 (3–7) | 0.26 |
| Delay from onset of symptoms to ICU admission (days) | 9 (7–10) | 8 (5–10) | 0.68 |
| Duration of HFNO (days) | 3 (2–4) | 2 (1–3) | 0.01 |
| Duration of NIV (days) | 4 (2–5) | 1 (1–3) | 0.01 |
| Duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (days) | 0 (0–0) | 9 (5–18) | < 0.001 |
Variables are summarized as mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range) or number (percentages)
Patients who were intubated < 24 h for fetal extraction only were considered non-intubated
CT computed tomography, ECMO Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, FiO2 inspired oxygen fraction, HFNO high-flow nasal oxygen therapy, ICU intensive care unit, NA non-available, NIV non-invasive ventilation, PaO2 partial arterial pressure of oxygen, PaCO2 partial arterial pressure of carbon dioxide, SaO2 arterial oxygen saturation, SAPS simplified acute physiology score, SOFA sepsis-related organ failure assessment