TABLE 3.
Predictors of a Child Testing HIV Positive
| N | All (N = 521) |
HIV Negative (n = 491) |
HIV Positive (n = 30) |
Prevalence Ratio (95% CI) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median (IQR) or n (%) | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Child characteristics | ||||||
| Child age | 521 | 7 (5–9) | 7 (5–9) | 5 (3–7) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.001 |
| Female child | 521 | 292 (56) | 271 (55) | 21 (70) | 1.8 (0.8–4.0) | 0.129 |
| Has HIV-positive sibling | 521 | 30 (6) | 26 (5) | 4 (13) | 2.5 (0.9–7.2) | 0.085 |
| Has deceased sibling | 521 | 108 (21) | 105 (21) | 3 (10) | 0.4 (0.1–1.4) | 0.160 |
| Ever hospitalized | 365* | 24 (7) | 23 (7) | 1 (5) | 0.7 (0.1–5.7) | 0.774 |
| Any HIV testing during infancy | 444* | 46 (10) | 44 (11) | 2 (8) | 0.7 (0.2–3.2) | 0.691 |
| Months breastfed | 505* | 13 (8–24) | 13 (8–24) | 18 (12–24) | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 0.156 |
| Caregiver assumes child is HIV negative | 521 | 309 (59) | 293 (60) | 16 (53) | 0.8 (0.4–1.6) | 0.507 |
| Caregiver characteristics | ||||||
| Female caregiver | 521 | 439 (84) | 416 (85) | 23 (77) | 0.6 (0.3–1.4) | 0.258 |
| Maternal age during pregnancy (yr) | 439† | 23 (20–28) | 23 (20–28) | 24 (23–30) | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 0.183 |
| Maternal education (yr) | 439† | 9 (7–12) | 9 (8–12) | 9 (7–12) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 0.786 |
| Maternal HIV status during pregnancy | 432*† | |||||
| Negative | 216 (50) | 206 (50) | 10 (45) | Reference | ||
| Unknown | 128 (30) | 121 (30) | 7 (32) | 1.2 (0.4–3.1) | 0.742 | |
| Positive, diagnosis during pregnancy | 73 (17) | 72 (18) | 1 (5) | 0.3 (0.04–2.3) | 0.246 | |
| Positive, diagnosis before pregnancy | 15 (3) | 11 (3) | 4 (18) | 5.8 (1.8–18.8) | 0.003 | |
Bolded P value <0.05 showing a significant association between the participant characteristic and HIV status.
*
Denominators vary because of missing data.
†
Denominator lower because it only includes female caregivers.
CI, confidence interval; IQR, interquartile range.