Fig. 3. Enzyme incorporation method of enzyme-powered micro- and nano-motors. (A) Representation of each enzyme incorporation method in the publications of the field. Examples of enzymatic motors with enzymes attached by using covalent attachment like (B) EDC/NHS,^13,40,56,100 (C) glutaraldehyde,^58,70,97 (D) biotin/streptavidin^43,113,115 or (E) other covalent methods,^21,27 and non-covalent incorporation methods like (F) encapsulation^32,37,57,112 and (G) non-covalent interaction.^{30,35,62,71,73} Panel (B) adapted with permission from (1) ref. 13 Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society, (2) ref. 56 Copyright 2017 Elsevier, (3) ref. 40 Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society, and (4) ref. 100 Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society. Panel (C) adapted with permission from (1) ref. 70 Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society, (2) ref. 97 Copyright 2021 American Institute of Physics and (3) ref. 58 Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society. Panel (D) adapted with permission from (1) ref. 115 Copyright 2020 AAAS, (2) ref. 113 Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society, and (3) ref. 43 Copyright 2020 American Chemical Society. Panel (E) adapted with permission from (1) ref. 27 Copyright 2019 Springer Nature and (2) ref. 21 Copyright 2022 Elsevier. Panel (F) adapted with permission from (1) ref. 57 Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society, (2) ref. 32 Copyright 2021 Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, (3) ref. 37 Copyright 2017 AAAS and (4) ref. 112 Copyright 2020 Wiley. Panel (G) adapted with permission from (1) ref. 73 Copyright 2020 Wiley, (2) ref. 30 Copyright 2016 Wiley, (3) ref. 62 Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society, (4) ref. 35 Copyright 2022 Wiley, and (5) ref. 71 Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society.