Fig. 4. Enzyme type and motion mechanism of enzyme-powered micro- and nano-motors. (A) Representation of each enzyme type in the publications of the field. Inset: representation of each motion mechanism in the publications of the field. Examples of enzymatic motors powered with the enzymes (B) catalase,^{38,42,44,52,59,95} (C) urease,^{20,22,39,43,79,97,115} (D) glucose oxidase,^64,65 (E) glucose oxidase and catalase,^{27,35,37,88,92} (F) lipase,^72,73 (G) acetylcholinesterase,⁸⁰ (H) trypsin,⁹⁹ (I) enzyme combinations^50,101 and (J) enzymatic pathway.²³ Panel (B) adapted with permission from (1) ref. 52 Copyright 2013 American Chemical Society, (2) ref. 95 Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society, (3) ref. 59 Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society, (4) ref. 44 Copyright 2010 American Chemical Society, (5) ref. 38 Copyright 2018 American Chemical Society, and (6) ref. 42 Copyright 2019 Elsevier. Panel (C) adapted with permission from (1) ref. 115 Copyright 2020 AAAS, (2) ref. 22 Copyright 2020 American Chemical Society, (3) ref. 79 Copyright 2020 American Physical Society, (4) ref. 20 Copyright 2021 Elsevier, (5) ref. 39 Copyright 2019 Wiley, (6) ref. 43 Copyright 2020 American Chemical Society, and (7) ref. 97 Copyright 2021 American Institute of Physics. Panel (D) adapted with permission from (1) ref. 64 Copyright 2019 Wiley and (2) ref. 65 Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society. Panel (E) adapted with permission from (1) ref. 27 Copyright 2019 Springer Nature, (2) ref. 37 Copyright 2017 AAAS, (3) ref. 92 Copyright 2022 American Chemical Society, (4) ref. 88 Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society, and (5) ref. 35 Copyright 2022 Wiley. Panel (F) adapted with permission from (1) ref. 73 Copyright 2020 Wiley and (2) ref. 72 Copyright 2019 Wiley. Panel (G) adapted with permission from (1) ref. 80 Copyright 2019 Springer Nature and (2) ref. 67 Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society. Panel (H) adapted with permission from (1) ref. 99 Copyright 2017 American Chemical Society. Panel (I) adapted with permission from (1) ref. 23 Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society. Panel (J) adapted with permission from (1) ref. 50 Copyright 2014 Wiley and (2) ref. 101 Copyright 2005 American Chemical Society.