Table I.
Demographic, anthropometric, and clinical characteristics of study participants
| Characteristics | PPY 18-19 | PPY 19-20 | Pandemic | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total new-onset type 2 diabetes, No. | 765 | 886 | 1463 | .005 |
| Region, No. (%) | ||||
| Midwest | 201 (26.3) | 214 (24.2) | 342 (23.4) | .114 |
| Northeast | 64 (8.4) | 93 (10.5) | 168 (11.5) | |
| South | 265 (34.7) | 277 (31.3) | 458 (31.3) | |
| West | 234 (30.6) | 302 (34.1) | 495 (33.8) | |
| Age at diagnosis, y, mean (SD) n = 22 missing | 14.3 (2.3) | 14.5 (2.4) | 14.4 (2.3) | .226 |
| Race/ethnicity, No. (%) | ||||
| Asian | 20 (2.6) | 24 (2.7) | 40 (2.7) | .004 |
| Black | 231 (30.2) | 267 (30.1) | 519 (35.5) | |
| Hispanic | 323 (42.3) | 356 (40.2) | 577 (39.4) | |
| White | 121 (15.8) | 143 (16.1) | 187 (12.8) | |
| Other | 49 (6.4) | 45 (5.1) | 88 (6.0) | |
| Unknown | 20 (2.6) | 51 (5.8) | 52 (3.6) | |
| Sex, No. (%) | ||||
| Female | 421 (55.1) | 488 (55.1) | 663 (45.3) | <.001 |
| Male | 343 (44.9) | 398 (44.9) | 800 (54.7) | |
| Insurance, No. (%) | ||||
| Private | 182 (23.8) | 207 (23.4) | 305 (20.8) | .009 |
| Public | 556 (72.8) | 647 (73.0) | 1110 (75.9) | |
| Other | 4 (0.5) | 9 (1.0) | 5 (0.3) | |
| Uninsured | 20 (2.6) | 22 (2.5) | 27 (1.8) | |
| Unknown | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) | 16 (1.1) | |
| Location at diagnosis, No. (%) | ||||
| Inpatient | 329 (43.1) | 382 (43.1) | 836 (57.1) | <.001 |
| Outpatient | 434 (56.8) | 502 (56.7) | 626 (42.8) | |
| Unknown | 1 (0.1) | 2 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | |
| COVID-19 at diagnosis, No. (%), n = 266 missing | ||||
| No | 529 (82.4) | 625 (82.3) | 954 (66.0) | <.001 |
| Unknown | 113 (17.6) | 133 (17.5) | 456 (31.5) | |
| Yes | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 36 (2.5) | |
| BMI, kg/m2, median [IQR] n = 112 missing | 34.6 [29.6, 39.2] | 34.3 [30.0, 39.3] | 35.1 [30.9, 40.9] | .001 |
| BMI % of 95%ile, mean [SD] | 133.88 (31.11) | 132.41 (30.17) | 137.04 (30.09) | .001 |
| HbA1c, %, median [IQR] n = 14 missing | 9.3 [7.3, 11.9] | 9.7 [7.1, 12.1] | 10.4 [7.9, 12.4] | <.001 |
| Serum glucose (random), mg/dL, (median [IQR]) | 241 [142, 360] | 246 [146, 361] | 286 [171, 414] | <.001 |
| pH, median [IQR],∗ n = 1837 missing | 7.37 [7.30, 7.40] n = 261 | 7.36 [7.31, 7.39] n = 320 | 7.34 [7.21, 7.39] n = 695 | <.001 |
| Bicarbonate, mmol/L, median [IQR]∗ n = 1530 missing | 23.0 [20.0, 26.0] n = 355 | 24.0 [19.0, 26.0] n = 401 | 21.0 [12.0, 25.0] n = 827 | <.001 |
| Serum osmolality, mOsm/kg, median [IQR]∗ n = 2657 missing | 298.0 [292.0, 307.0] n = 122 | 297.0 [293.0, 304.5] n = 87 | 306.0 [293.0, 333.5] n = 247 | .002 |
| Diabetic ketoacidosis, No. (%) | 70 (9.2) | 79 (8.9) | 304 (20.8) | <.001 |
| Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome, No. (%) | 7 (0.9) | 6 (0.7) | 56 (3.8) | <.001 |
| Metabolic decompensation, No. (%) | 72 (9.4) | 80 (9.0) | 307 (21.0) | <.001 |
| DKA severity (%) | ||||
| Mild | 25 (35.7) | 33 (41.8) | 121 (39.8) | .35 |
| Moderate | 30 (42.9) | 25 (31.6) | 93 (30.6) | |
| Severe | 15 (21.4) | 21 (26.6) | 90 (29.6) |
SI conversion factors: To convert HbA1c to mmol/mol, multiply by 0.01, to convert serum osmolality to mmol/kg, multiply by 1.
∗
Data only included for subset of patients with data available.