Table 1.
Propensity score-matcheda baseline characteristics of people living with HIV receiving (i) TAF/FTC versus ABC/3TC, (ii) TDF/FTC versus ABC/3TC, or (iii) TAF/FTC versus TDF/FTC
| TAF/FTC versus ABC/3TC | TDF/FTC versus ABC/3TC | TAF/FTC versus TDF/FTC | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | TAF/FTC | ABC/3TC | Total | TDF/FTC | ABC/3TC | Total | TAF/FTC | TDF/FTC | ||||
| Characteristic | (n = 7024) | (n = 3512) | (n = 3512) | P value | (n = 3052) | (=763) | (n = 2289) | P value | (n = 3080) | (n = 2310) | (n = 770) | P value |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.926 | 1.000 | 0.557 | |||||||||
| Male | 5678 (80.8) | 2841 (80.9) | 2837 (80.8) | 2476 (81.1) | 619 (81.1) | 1857 (81.1) | 2504 (81.3) | 1884 (81.6) | 620 (80.5) | |||
| Female | 1346 (19.2) | 671 (19.1) | 675 (19.2) | 576 (18.9) | 144 (18.9) | 432 (18.9) | 576 (18.7) | 426 (18.4) | 150 (19.5) | |||
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 48.2 (39.6–55.4) | 48.0 (39.4–55.2) | 48.4 (39.8–55.6) | 0.117 | 45.2 (38.0–53.1) | 45.0 (38.3–52.4) | 45.3 (37.9–53.2) | 0.803 | 45.0 (38.3–52.5) | 45.1 (38.3–52.6) | 44.9 (37.9–52.3) | 0.542 |
| Age category, years | 0.642 | 0.893 | 0.587 | |||||||||
| 16–39 | 1832 (26.08) | 932 (26.54) | 900 (25.63) | 1014 (33.2) | 250 (32.8) | 764 (33.4) | 988 (32.1) | 730 (31.6) | 258 (33.5) | |||
| 40–64 | 4706 (67) | 2346 (66.8) | 2360 (67.2) | 1907 (62.5) | 480 (62.9) | 1427 (62.3) | 1957 (63.5) | 1477 (63.9) | 480 (62.3) | |||
| 65–74 | 393 (5.6) | 192 (5.47) | 201 (5.72) | 97 (3.2) | 26 (3.4) | 71 (3.1) | 113 (3.7) | 88 (3.8) | 25 (3.3) | |||
| ≥75 | 93 (1.32) | 42 (1.2) | 51 (1.45) | 34 (1.1) | 7 (0.9) | 27 (1.2) | 22 (0.7) | 15 (0.7) | 7 (0.9) | |||
| Country of origin, n (%) | 0.007 | 0.608 | 0.621 | |||||||||
| Spain | 4354 (62.0) | 2121 (60.4) | 2233 (63.6) | 1838 (60.2) | 453 (59.4) | 1385 (60.5) | 1794 (58.3) | 1339 (58.0) | 455 (59.1) | |||
| Outside Spain | 2669 (38.0) | 1390 (39.6) | 1279 (36.4) | 1214 (39.8) | 310 (40.6) | 904 (39.5) | 1285 (41.7) | 970 (42.0) | 315 (40.9) | |||
| Socioeconomic deprivation, n (%) | 0.001 | 0.978 | 0.032 | |||||||||
| Least deprived | 3361 (47.9) | 1754 (49.9) | 1607 (45.8) | 1443 (47.3) | 361 (47.3) | 1082 (47.3) | 1559 (50.6) | 1196 (51.8) | 363 (47.1) | |||
| Mildly deprived | 1372 (19.5) | 659 (18.8) | 713 (20.3) | 597 (19.6) | 137 (18.0) | 460 (20.1) | 559 (18.2) | 421 (18.2) | 138 (17.9) | |||
| Moderately/severely deprived | 2123 (30.2) | 1021 (29.1) | 1102 (31.4) | 933 (30.6) | 237 (31.1) | 696 (30.4) | 884 (28.7) | 643 (27.8) | 241 (31.3) | |||
| Missing | 168 (2.4) | 78 (2.2) | 90 (2.6) | 79 (2.6) | 28 (3.7) | 51 (2.2) | 78 (2.5) | 50 (2.2) | 28 (3.6) | |||
| HIV acquisition risk group, n (%) | 0.058 | 0.938 | 0.266 | |||||||||
| PWID | 853 (12.1) | 442 (12.6) | 411 (11.7) | 291 (9.5) | 71 (9.3) | 220 (9.6) | 335 (10.9) | 264 (11.4) | 71 (9.2) | |||
| MSM | 3631 (51.7) | 1835 (52.3) | 1796 (51.1) | 1663 (54.5) | 408 (53.5) | 1255 (54.8) | 1663 (54.0) | 1255 (54.3) | 408 (53.0) | |||
| Male heterosexual | 978 (13.9) | 469 (13.4) | 509 (14.5) | 427 (14.0) | 111 (14.6) | 316 (13.8) | 401 (13.0) | 290 (12.6) | 111 (14.4) | |||
| Female hetero/homo/bisexual | 1032 (14.7) | 526 (15.0) | 506 (14.4) | 448 (14.7) | 111 (14.6) | 337 (14.7) | 451 (14.6) | 336 (14.6) | 115 (14.9) | |||
| Other | 397 (5.7) | 175 (5.0) | 222 (6.3) | 171 (5.6) | 46 (6.0) | 125 (5.5) | 175 (5.7) | 126 (5.5) | 49 (6.4) | |||
| Missing | 133 (1.9) | 65 (1.9) | 68 (1.9) | 52 (1.7) | 16 (2.1) | 36 (1.6) | 55 (1.8) | 39 (1.7) | 16 (2.1) | |||
| Years since HIV diagnosis, median (IQR) | 11.7 (6.3–18.1) | 11.6 (6.6–18.1) | 11.8 (6.0–18.1) | 0.877 | 11.1 (5.8–16.9) | 11.7 (7.4–17.2) | 10.8 (5.0–16.8) | <0.001 | 11.0 (6.3–17.0) | 10.7 (6.0–16.8) | 11.7 (7.3–17.1) | 0.001 |
| CD4 count (cells/mm3) category | 0.057 | 0.869 | 0.983 | |||||||||
| <350 | 781 (11.1) | 424 (12.1) | 357 (10.2) | 303 (9.9) | 79 (10.4) | 224 (9.8) | 335 (10.9) | 254 (11.0) | 81 (10.5) | |||
| 350–499 | 981 (14.0) | 482 (13.7) | 499 (14.2) | 431 (14.1) | 105 (13.8) | 326 (14.2) | 428 (13.9) | 320 (13.9) | 108 (14.0) | |||
| ≥500 | 5262 (74.9) | 2606 (74.2) | 2656 (75.6) | 2318 (76.0) | 579 (75.9) | 1739 (76.0) | 2317 (75.2) | 1736 (75.2) | 581 (75.5) | |||
| CD4 count (cells/mm3), median (IQR) | 695.5 (499.0–926.0) | 680.0 (490.0–904.0) | 711.0 (506.0–950.0) | <0.001 | 707.0 (509.8–937.0) | 690.0 (508.0–918.5) | 712.0 (510.0–944.0) | 0.103 | 686.0 (500.0–910.0) | 684.5 (500.0–906.0) | 688.5 (505.3–917.5) | 0.681 |
| CD4/CD8 ratio, median (IQR) | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) | 0.323 | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) | 0.030 | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 0.011 |
| Plasma HIV-RNA, n (%) | 0.581 | 0.840 | 1.000 | |||||||||
| Detectableb | 511 (7.3) | 262 (7.5) | 249 (7.1) | 219 (7.2) | 53 (7.0) | 166 (7.3) | 220 (7.1) | 165 (7.1) | 55 (7.1) | |||
| Undetectableb | 6513 (92.7) | 3250 (92.5) | 3263 (92.9) | 2833 (92.8) | 710 (93.1) | 2123 (92.8) | 2860 (92.9) | 2145 (92.9) | 715 (92.9) | |||
| Number of comorbidities, n (%) | 0.715 | 0.978 | ||||||||||
| 0 | 2041 (29.1) | 1048 (29.8) | 993 (28.3) | 0.983 | 1218 (39.6) | 920 (39.8) | 298 (38.7) | |||||
| 1 | 1651 (23.5) | 818 (23.3) | 833 (23.7) | 1150 (37.7) | 291 (38.1) | 859 (37.5) | 754 (24.5) | 561 (24.3) | 193 (25.1) | |||
| 2 | 1244 (17.7) | 613 (17.5) | 631 (18.0) | 792 (26.0) | 193 (25.3) | 599 (26.2) | 507 (16.5) | 381 (16.5) | 126 (16.4) | |||
| 3 | 773 (11.0) | 383 (10.9) | 390 (11.1) | 507 (16.6) | 126 (16.5) | 381 (16.6) | 264 (8.6) | 198 (8.6) | 66 (8.6) | |||
| ≥4 | 1315 (18.7) | 650 (18.5) | 665 (18.9) | 253 (8.3) | 66 (8.7) | 187 (8.2) | 337 (10.9) | 250 (10.8) | 87 (11.3) | |||
| Type of comorbidities, n (%) | 350 (11.5) | 87 (11.4) | 263 (11.5) | |||||||||
| Respiratory disease | 1596 (22.7) | 811 (23.1) | 785 (22.4) | 0.477 | 539 (17.5) | 390 (16.9) | 149 (19.4) | 0.132 | ||||
| Cardiovascular disease | 1220 (17.4) | 612 (17.4) | 608 (17.3) | 0.925 | 554 (18.2) | 149 (19.5) | 405 (17.7) | 0.278 | 360 (11.7) | 267 (11.6) | 93 (12.1) | 0.746 |
| Autoimmune disease | 840 (12.0) | 393 (11.2) | 447 (12.7) | 0.051 | 378 (12.4) | 93 (12.2) | 285 (12.5) | 0.899 | 311 (10.1) | 239 (10.4) | 72 (9.4) | 0.468 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 374 (5.3) | 136 (3.9) | 238 (6.8) | <0.001 | 295 (9.7) | 72 (9.4) | 223 (9.7) | 0.860 | 70 (2.3) | 61 (2.6) | 9 (1.2) | 0.026 |
| Chronic liver disease | 1393 (19.8) | 722 (20.6) | 671 (19.1) | 0.135 | 116 (3.8) | 9 (1.2) | 107 (4.7) | <0.001 | 506 (16.4) | 379 (16.4) | 127 (16.5) | 1.000 |
| Neuropsychiatric | 2128 (30.3) | 1077 (30.7) | 1051 (29.9) | 0.516 | 467 (15.3) | 127 (16.6) | 340 (14.9) | 0.258 | 771 (25.0) | 564 (24.4) | 207 (26.9) | 0.187 |
| Diabetes | 464 (6.6) | 210 (6.0) | 254 (7.2) | 0.039 | 746 (24.4) | 207 (27.1) | 539 (23.6) | 0.052 | 126 (4.1) | 89 (3.9) | 37 (4.8) | 0.294 |
| Metabolic disease | 1839 (26.2) | 878 (25.0) | 961 (27.4) | 0.026 | 140 (4.6) | 37 (4.9) | 103 (4.5) | 0.764 | 558 (18.1) | 424 (18.4) | 134 (17.4) | 0.589 |
| Cancer | 789 (11.2) | 381 (10.9) | 408 (11.6) | 0.326 | 598 (19.6) | 134 (17.6) | 464 (20.3) | 0.114 | 228 (7.4) | 161 (7.0) | 67 (8.7) | 0.131 |
| Hypertension | 1630 (23.2) | 790 (22.5) | 840 (23.9) | 0.166 | 262 (8.6) | 67 (8.8) | 195 (8.5) | 0.881 | 504 (16.4) | 384 (16.6) | 120 (15.6) | 0.536 |
| Obesity | 699 (10.0) | 342 (9.7) | 357 (10.2) | 0.577 | 526 (17.2) | 120 (15.7) | 406 (17.7) | 0.223 | 230 (7.5) | 170 (7.4) | 60 (7.8) | 0.752 |
| Years on ART, median (IQR) | 9.9 (5.4–15.3) | 9.8 (5.7–14.9) | 10.1 (5.3–15.5) | 0.213 | 234 (7.7) | 60 (7.9) | 174 (7.6) | 0.875 | 9.5 (5.6–13.7) | 9.3 (5.4–13.6) | 10.4 (6.1–14.1) | 0.003 |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; PWID, people who inject drugs; MSM, men who have sex with men; ART, antiretroviral therapy; TAF, tenofovir alafenamide; TDF, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; FTC, emtricitabine; ABC/3TC, abacavir/lamivudine.
a
Propensity score-matching ratio is 1:1 for TAF/FTC versus ABC/3TC, 1:3 for TDF/FTC versus ABC/3TC, and 1:3 for TDF/FTC versus TAF/FTC.
b
HIV-RNA viral load (detectable: ≥50 copies per mL, undetectable: <50 copies per mL).