Table 3.
General characteristics of the clusters of PWV trajectories in the French population
| Variable | Number of observations | Cluster 1, decreasing PWV N = 1220 | Cluster 2, stable PWV N = 3505 | Cluster 3, increasing PWV N = 1054 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (average before lockdown; Weeks 5–8) | |||||
| Age (years) | 5779 | 52 (43–60)*** | 48 (39–57) | 50 (42–60)*** | <0.0001 |
| Vascular age (years) | 4952 | 42 (35–49)***,††† | 36 (32–43) | 40 (34–47)*** | <0.0001 |
| Men, n (%) | 5779 | 937 (77%)***,††† | 2405 (69%) | 783 (74%)*** | <0.0001 |
| Residents in the Paris region, n (%) | 5779 | 607 (50%) | 1711 (49%) | 521 (49%) | 0.833 |
| Sole user in household, n (%) | 5779 | 238 (20%)*** | 573 (16%) | 234 (22%)*** | <0.0001 |
| PWV (m/s) | 5456 | 7.6 (6.9–8.5)***,††† | 6.9 (6.4–7.8) | 7.4 (6.7–8.3)*** | <0.0001 |
| Weight (kg) | 5451 | 77.7 (68.7–87.1)*** | 74.1 (65.4–83.3) | 77.2 (68.8–86.3)*** | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/mq) | 5451 | 25.1 (23.0–27.8)*** | 24.3 (22.4–26.8) | 25.8 (23.8–28.5)*** | <0.0001 |
| Fat mass (%) | 5374 | 23.0 (18.2–28.4) | 22.1 (16.9–28.6) | 23.6 (18.4–29.7)*** | <0.0001 |
| Steps (n) | 3065 | 5252 (3103–7710) | 5317 (3300–7721) | 5007 (3204–7368) | 0.260 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 559 | 126 (119–135) | 123 (116–132) | 126 (120–133) | 0.021 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 559 | 79 (75–85)* | 77 (72–83) | 80 (75–84) | 0.009 |
| HR (b.p.m.) | 543 | 67 (61–75) | 67 (61–75) | 68 (62–77) | 0.490 |
| Difference (Week 17 − Baseline) | |||||
| Δ PWV | 5456 | −0.4 (−0.7 to −0.2)***,††† | −0.1 (0.2–0.8) | 0.5 (0.2–0.8)*** | <0.0001 |
| Δ Vascular age | 5127 | −2.9 (−5.4 to −0.09)***,††† | −0.4 (−2.0 to 1.1) | 3.2 (1.1–5.8)*** | <0.0001 |
| Δ Weight (kg) | 5442 | −0.4 (−1.3 to 0.3)* | −0.3 (−1.1 to 0.3) | −0.3 (−1.1 to 0.3) | 0.021 |
| Δ Fat mass (%) | 5326 | −0.2 (−1.2 to 0.6)***,††† | −0.1 (−0.9 to 0.7) | 0.0 (−1.0 to 0.8) | <0.001 |
| Δ Steps (n) | 2397 | −814 (−2888 to 1708) | −968 (−2956 to 960) | −757 (−2565 to 1438) | 0.088 |
| Δ SBP (mmHg) | 296 | −3.3 (−9.2 to 1.1) | −1.9 (−6.9 to 1.2) | −1.1 (−5.1 to 2.7) | 0.141 |
| Δ DBP (mmHg) | 296 | −4.0 (−7.0 to 1.2)††† | −1.1 (−4.0 to 1.2) | 0.4 (−3.8 to 4.5) | 0.001 |
| Δ HR (b.p.m.) | 296 | −1.3 (−5.5 to 3.3) | −0.2 (−4.0 to 2.9) | −0.2 (−5.4 to 3.2) | 0.598 |
Data are expressed as median (25th–75th percentile). Baseline values are expressed as median (median of the mean values from Week 5 to Week 8) and 25th–75th percentile (which corresponds to the dispersion between these four values).
BMI, body mass index; PWV, pulse-wave velocity; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; Δ, absolute difference between Week 17 and baseline.
P < 0.0001 ‘***’ P < 0.001 ‘**’ P < 0.01 ‘*’ P < 0.05 vs. Cluster 2, stable PWV.
P < 0.0001 ‘†††’ P < 0.001 ‘††’ P < 0.01 ‘†’ P < 0.05 vs. Cluster 3, increasing PWV.