Table 1.
Proportions/Means of Demographic Characteristics and Study Variables by Race and Dementia Care Status (NHATS FF10, N = 1,420, Weighted: 95% CI)
| Variables | Total | Black | White | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dementia care (n = 56) | Nondementia care (n = 160) | Dementia care (n = 169) | Nondementia care (n = 1,035) | ||
| CG background factors | |||||
| Age | 62.3 (61.3–63.2) | 57.0 (53.9–61.4) | 58.5 (55.3–61.7) | 63.5 (61.9–65.1) | 62.4 (61.3–63.5) |
| Sex (female) | 0.67 (0.6–0.7) | 0.85 (0.7–0.9) | 0.80 (0.7–0.9) | 0.67 (0.6–0.7) | 0.66 (0.6–0.7) |
| Education | |||||
| ≥Some college | 0.80 (0.7–0.8) | 0.73 (0.6–0.8) | 0.62 (0.5–0.7) | 0.65 (0.6–0.7) | 0.80 (0.7–0.8) |
| Relationship to CR | |||||
| Spousal CG | 0.35 (0.3–0.4) | 0.15 (0.1–0.3) | 0.13 (0.1–0.2) | 0.24 (0.2–0.3) | 0.40 (0.3–0.4) |
| CG stressors | |||||
| Help with number of ADL before COVID-19 | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 3.5 (2.8–4.2) | 1.5 (1.2–2.0) | 2.7 (2.4–3.1) | 0.9 (0.7–1.0) |
| Help with number of ADL during COVID-19 | 2.1 (2–2.2) | 3.6 (2.8–4.4) | 1.8 (1.4–2.2) | 2.9 (2.5–3.3) | 1.0 (.9–1.1) |
| Changes in help with number of ADL | |||||
| Absolute differences | 0.39 (0.3–0.5) | 0.64 (0.4–0.9) | 0.43 (0.3–0.6) | 0.79 (0.6–1.0) | 0.29 (0.2–0.3) |
| Direction of differences | |||||
| Less help with ADL during COVID-19 | 0.08 (0.06–0.10) | 0.12 (0.06–0.22) | 0.07 (0.04–0.12) | 0.14 (0.1–0.2) | 0.06 (0.05–0.08) |
| More help with ADL during COVID-19 | 0.18 (0.1–0.2) | 0.37 (0.3–0.5) | 0.25 (0.2–0.3) | 0.24 (0.2–0.3) | 0.15 (0.1–0.2) |
| Help with number of IADL before COVID-19 | 2.0 (1.9–2.1) | 3.6 (2.5–3.1) | 2.5 (2.3–2.8) | 2.8 (2.5–3.1) | 1.9 (1.8–2.0) |
| Help with number of IADL during COVID-19 | 2.4 (2.3–2.5) | 3.9 (3.5–4.4) | 2.5 (2.0–3.0) | 3.0 (2.7–3.4) | 2.3 (2.1–2.4) |
| Changes in help with Number of IADL | |||||
| Absolute differences | 0.48 (0.4–0.5) | 0.51 (0.05–0.9) | 0.49 (0.3–0.6) | 0.42 (0.3–0.5) | 0.48 (0.4–0.5) |
| Direction of differences | |||||
| Less help with IADL during COVID-19 | 0.07 (0.5–0.8) | 0.10 (0.03–0.15) | 0.15 (0.1–0.3) | 0.04 (0.2–0.8) | 0.06 (0.04–0.08) |
| More help with IADL during COVID-19 | 0.27 (0.25–0.30) | 0.19 (0.1–0.3) | 0.23 (0.2–0.3) | 0.23 (0.2–0.3) | 0.28 (0.2–0.3) |
| Emotional support to CR during COVID-19 | 3.7 (3.6–3.8) | 4.2 (3.8–4.5) | 3.7 (3.6–4.0) | 3.9 (3.8–4.1) | 3.6 (3.5–3.7) |
| CG coping resource | |||||
| Relationship quality with CR during COVID-19 | 11 (10.7–11.1) | 9.8 (9.1–10.6) | 12 (11.1–13.0) | 9.8 (9.4–10.2) | 11 (10.8–11.3) |
| CG outcomes | |||||
| Perceived care burden during COVID-19 | 5.8 (5.6–5.9) | 6.5 (5.8–7.2) | 5.5 (5.2–5.9) | 6.1 (5.8–6.4) | 5.6 (5.3–5.8) |
| Psychological well-being during COVID-19 | 11.1 (10.9–11.3) | 10.8 (9.9–11.7) | 11.5 (11–12.2) | 10.9 (10.4–11.4) | 11.1 (10.8–11.3) |
| Self-rated health during COVID-19 | 3.7 (3.7–3.8) | 3.4 (3.1–3.7) | 3.4 (3.2–3.5) | 3.6 (3.4–3.7) | 3.8 (3.7–3.9) |
Notes: Proportions, means, and most CIs are rounded up to one decimal point. Stressors = primary objective stressors; ADL = activities of daily living; CG = caregiver; CRs = care recipients; IADL = instrumental activities; NHATS = National Health and Aging Trends Study; FF = family members and friends; CI = confidence interval; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019.