Table 4.

Ordinary Least Squares Regressions of Perceived Care Burden, Psychological Well-being and Self-rated Health Among Black Dementia Caregivers (NHATS FF 10, N = 56, Weighted Sample)

Variables	Care burden		Psychological well-being		Self-rated health
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 1	Model 2	Model 1	Model 2
CG primary objective stressors
Changes in help with number of ADL
Absolute differences	0.10		−0.02		0.01
Direction of differences
Less help with ADL during COVID-19a		−1.5**		1.5		−0.01
More help with ADL during COVID-19a		1.5*		−1.4**		0.05
Changes in help with number of IADL
Absolute differences	0.26*		2.8		−0.30***
Direction of differences
Less help with IADL during COVID-19b		−1.9***		−1.2		−0.46
More help with IADL during COVID-19b		−1.6***		1.1		0.09
Emotional support to CR during COVID-19c	0.25	−0.13	0.11	0.05	0.05	0.03***
CG coping resource
Relationship quality with CR during COVID-19	−0.10*	−0.14	0.11	0.11*	0.02	0.01*
R 2	0.10	0.28	0.10	0.17	0.19	0.12
F	4.4	8.6***	3.2	21.6***	195.5**	5.8***

Notes: Standardized beta coefficients are presented. We controlled for background factors. F values were rounded up to one decimal point. Model 1 includes absolute difference and Model 2 includes direction of difference. ADL = activities of daily living; CG = caregiver; CRs = care recipients; IADL = instrumental activities; NHATS = National Health and Aging Trends Study; FF = family members and friends; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019.

^aThe reference category is caregivers, in which there was no difference in ADL before and during the outbreak.

^bThe reference category is caregivers, in which there was no difference in IADL before and during the outbreak.

^cEmotional support provided to CR before the COVID-19 outbreak was not asked.

*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.