Table 2.
Clinical Features and Outcomes in Nonhospitalized and Hospitalized Patients
| Clinical characteristic or variable | Nonhospitalized | Hospitalized |
|---|---|---|
| Number, n (%) | 91 (80) | 23 (20) |
| Age, median (IQR), years | 50 (19–84) | 63 (42–74) |
| Age category, n (%), years | ||
| ȃ19–44 | 32 (35) | 1 (4) |
| ȃ45–64 | 48 (53) | 11 (48) |
| ȃ65+ | 11 (12) | 11 (48) |
| Sex, n (%), male | 43 (47) | 13 (57) |
| Ethnicity, non-White, n (%) | 21 (23) | 9 (39) |
| Solid organ transplant recipient, n (%) | ||
| ȃKidney | 34 (37) | 9 (39) |
| ȃLung | 5 (6) | 11 (48) |
| ȃLiver | 19 (21) | 0 |
| ȃHeart | 17 (19) | 0 |
| ȃMultiorgan | 4 (4) | 1 (4) |
| Other immunocompromised patients, n (%) | 12 (13) | 2 (9) |
| Time from transplantation (if transplanted), years | ||
| ȃ<1 | 10 (11) | 3 (13) |
| ȃ1–5 | 29 (32) | 9 (39) |
| ȃ>5 | 46 (51) | 9 (39) |
| Maintenance immunosuppression, n (%) | ||
| ȃCNI monotherapy | 14 (15) | 0 (0.0) |
| ȃCNI + MMF | 27 (30) | 5 (22) |
| ȃPred + CNI | 9 (10) | 0 (0.0) |
| ȃPred + CNI + MMF | 14 (15) | 11 (48) |
| ȃPred + CNI + MMF + EVE | 0 (0.0) | 2 (9) |
| ȃAnti-CD20 monotherapy | 8 (9) | 0 |
| ȃOthera | 19 (21) | 5 (22) |
| ȃImmunosuppression containing MMF | 51 (56) | 18 (78) |
| Positive polymerase chain reaction ≥ 48 hours before hospitalization, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 15 (65) |
| Coronavirus disease 2019 treatment, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | |
| ȃNo oxygen requirement | 8 (35) | |
| ȃ1–5 L/min oxygen | 6 (26) | |
| ȃ5–15 L/min oxygen | 2 (9) | |
| ȃHigh-flow nasal cannula therapy | 7 (30) | |
| ȃMechanical ventilation | 0 | |
| ȃSotrovimab treatment | 17 (74) | |
| ȃDexamethasone treatment | 17 (74) | |
| ȃAnti-interleukin 6 treatment | 8 (35) | |
| ȃMethylprednisolone pulseb | 3 (13) | |
| Time to hospitalization, median (IQR), days | 0 (0.0) | 10 (1–34) |
| Duration of hospitalization, median (IQR), days | 0 (0.0) | 11 (2–25) |
| Duration of hospitalization, n (%), days | 0 (0.0) | |
| ȃ2–5 | 6 (26) | |
| ȃ6–10 | 6 (26) | |
| ȃ>10 | 11 (48) | |
| Clinical outcome at the end of follow-up, n (%) | ||
| ȃNot recovered | 16 (18) | 12 (52) |
| ȃRecovered | 75 (82) | 10 (44) |
| ȃDeath | 0 | 1 (4) |
| Time to recovery (if recovered), median (IQR), days | 10 (2–49) | 22 (4–44) |
| SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG (BAU/mL), mean titer (SD)c | 3771 (8466) | 46 (96) |
| SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG category (BAU/mL), n (%) | ||
| ȃSeronegative | 19 (21) | 16 (70) |
| ȃSeropositive (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)d | 6 (7) | 0 (0.0) |
| ȃ33.8–299e | 1 (1) | 5 (22) |
| ȃ300–1000 | 5 (5) | 1 (4) |
| ȃ>1000 | 12 (13) | 0 |
| ȃUnknown | 48 (53) | 1 (4) |
| Vaccination status, n (%) | ||
| ȃNonvaccinated | 8 (9) | 5 (22) |
| ȃFully vaccinated | 83 (91) | 18 (78) |
| ȃBoosted | 9 (10) | 5 (22) |
Abbreviations: ADM, adalimumab; AZA, azathioprine; Bela, belatacept; CNI, calcineurin inhibitor; CsA, ciclosporin A; ETN, etanercept; EVE, everolimus; IgG, immunoglobulin G; IQR, interquartile range; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; Pred, prednisolone; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SRL, sirolimus; TCZ, tocilizumab.
Other immunosuppressive regimens include: Pred + CNI + EVE (n = 3); Pred + CNI + ADM (n = 1), CNI + ADM (n = 1), MMF + SRL (n = 1), CNI + EVE (n = 1), MMF mono (n = 1), Pred + SRL (n = 1), Pred + MMF (n = 1), CsA mono (n = 1), an oncolytic (n = 1), Pred mono (n = 1), Pred + CNI + AZA (n = 1), Pred + AZA (n = 1), CNI + AZA (n = 1), Pred + MMF + CsA (n = 2), Pred + CsA (n = 2), Pred + CNI + MMF + TCZ (n = 1), Pred + MMF + Bela (n = 2), CNI + MMF + ETN (n = 1).
On top of or after dexamethasone.
If SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG is known.
In some patients, only an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion, which only gives a positive or negative result and no IgG titer.
33.8 BAU/mL is the detection limit of the LIAISON test.