Table 3.
Domains and functions measured by the neuropsychological tests used in the COVID-COG protocol
| Domain | Functions | Names of tests |
|---|---|---|
| Perception | Object perception | Incomplete Letters and Object Decision tests from Visual Object and Space Perception battery (Warrington & James, 1991) |
| Spatial perception | Number Location and Cube Analysis tests from Visual Object and Space Perception battery (Warrington & James, 1991) | |
| Ideomotor praxis | Moroni praxis battery (Mahieux-Laurent et al., 2009) | |
| Language | Semantic processing: naming and repetition | Semantic image matching, semantic word matching, oral picture naming, word repetition, and nonword repetition from BECLA battery (Macoir et al., 2016) |
| Executive functions | Inhibition | Stroop task from GREFEX battery (Roussel & Godefroy, 2008) |
| Mental flexibility | Trail Making Test from GREFEX battery (Roussel & Godefroy, 2008) | |
| Verbal fluency | Categorical and Verbal Fluency from GREFEX battery (Roussel & Godefroy, 2008) | |
| Verbal working memory | Digit Span Backward from WMS-III (Drozdick, Raiford, Wahlstrom, & Weiss, 2018) | |
| Visuospatial working memory | Backward Corsi test from WAIS-IV (Kessels, Van Zandvoort, Postma, Kappelle, & De Haan, 2000) and Test for Attentional Performance (Zimmermann & Fimm, 2007) | |
| Attention | Phasic alertness; divided and sustained attention; incompatibility | Test for Attentional Performance (Zimmermann & Fimm, 2007). |
| Memory | Episodic verbal | Grober and Buschke free/cued recall (RL/RI 16) paradigm (Grober & Buschke, 1987) |
| Episodic visuospatial | Delayed recall of Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test (Meyers & Meyers, 1995) | |
| Anosognosia for memory dysfunction | Self-appraisal discrepancy (SAD) score for each memory test (Voruz et al., 2022b) | |
| Logical reasoning | Matrix Reasoning and Visual Puzzles subtests from WAIS-IV (Wechsler, 2008) |
Note. BECLA = Batterie d’Evaluation Cognitive du Langage (Macoir et al., 2016); GREFEX = Groupe de Réflexion sur l’Evalutation des Fonctions Exécutives; ICU = intensive care unit; WMS-III = Wechsler Memory Scale—Third Edition (Drozdick et al., 2018); Rey Figure = Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test; RL/RI 16 = free/cued recall 16 items; SD = standard deviation; TAP = Test for Attentional Performance. Version 2.1 (Zimmermann & Fimm, 2007); TMT = Trail Making Test; VOSP = Visual Object and Space Perception battery; WAIS-IV = Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition.