Table 4.
Comparisons between cumulative percentages of abnormally low neuropsychological scores of post-COVID-19 groups (total sample; mild, moderate, and severe subgroups) 6–9 months post-infection and those estimated for a normative population
| Frequency (%) of scores—conservative methodology (< 5th percentile) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimated cumulative percentages of deficits for normative population (< 5th percentile) |
Total sample N = 121 |
Mild subgroup n = 49 |
Moderate subgroup n = 48 |
Severe subgroup n = 24 |
||
| Perception (4 tests) |
0 low scores ≥ 1 low scores ≥ 2 low scores ≥ 3 low scores 4 low scores |
82.53% 17.47% 2.33% 0.22% 0.01% |
80.99% 19.08% 4.96% 0.83% 0.83%** |
83.67% 16.32% 0% |
77.08% 22.92% 10.42%** 2.08%** 2.08%** |
83.33% 16.67% 0% |
| Ideomotor praxis (3 tests) |
0 low scores ≥ 1 low scores ≥ 2 low scores 3 low scores |
85.97% 14.03% 0.94% 0.02% |
90.08% 9.92% 0% |
89.80% 10.20% 0% |
91.67% 8.33% 0% |
87.50% 12.50% 0% |
| Language (5 tests) |
0 low scores ≥ 1 low score ≥ 2 low score ≥ 3 low scores ≥ 4 low scores 5 low scores |
79.69% 20.31% 4.04% 0.65% 0.08% 0.00% |
82.64% 17.36% 3.31% 0% |
85.71% 14.28% 4.08% 0% |
81.71% 14.58% 4.16% 0% |
79.17% 20.83% 0% |
| Executive functions (11 tests) |
0 low scores ≥ 1 low score ≥ 2 low score ≥ 3 low scores ≥ 4 low scores ≥ 5 low scores ≥ 6 low scores ≥ 7 low scores ≥ 8 low scores ≥ 9 low scores ≥ 10 low scores 11 low scores |
68.51% 31.49% 12.71% 5.87% 2.82% 1.32% 0.55% 0.20% 0.06% 0.02% 0.00% 0.00% |
54.55% 45.45%** 25.62%** 11.57%** 6.61%** 1.65% 0.83% 0% |
69.39% 30.61% 16.33% 6.12% 2.04% 0% |
41.67% 58.33%** 33.33%** 16.67%** 12.50%** 4.17% 2.08% 0% |
50% 50%** 29.17%** 12.5% 4.16% 0% |
| Attentional functions (10 tests) |
0 low scores ≥ 1 low score ≥ 2 low score ≥ 3 low scores ≥ 4 low scores ≥ 5 low scores ≥ 6 low scores ≥ 7 low scores ≥ 8 low scores ≥ 9 low scores 10 low scores |
75.09% 24.92% 9.21% 3.75% 1.56% 0.51% 0.15% 0.04% 0.04% |
72.50% 27.50% 14.17% 7.50%** 3.33% 5–10% |
81.63% 18.37% 12.24% 8.16% 4.08% 5–10% |
61.70% 38.30% 17.02% 8.51% 4.26% 5–10% |
75% 25% 12.50% 4.17% 0% |
| Memory (8 tests) |
0 low scores ≥ 1 low score ≥ 2 low score ≥ 3 low scores ≥ 4 low scores ≥ 5 low scores ≥ 6 low scores ≥ 7 low scores 8 low scores |
69.44% 24.92% 9.64% 3.60% 1.35% 0.45% 0.12% 0.03% 0% |
63.64% 36.36% 17.36%** 7.44% 3.31%** 3.31%** 0.83% 0% |
79.59% 20.41% 10.20% 2.04% 0% |
54.17% 45.83%** 20.83%** 10.42%** 6.25%** 6.25%** 2.08% 0% |
50% 50%** 25%** 12.50% 4.17% 4.17% 0% |
| Logical reasoning (2 tests) |
0 low scores ≥ 1 low scores 2 low scores |
91.43% 8.57% 1.44% |
96.69% 3.31% 1.65% |
97.96% 2.04% 0% |
93.75% 4.17% 2.08%** |
100% 0% |
Note. Mild: patients not hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection; Moderate: patients hospitalized without mechanical ventilation for SARS-CoV-2 infection; and Severe: patients hospitalized in intensive care with mechanical ventilation for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Note. ** Cumulative percentages of patients significantly above the estimated percentage for the normative population after FDR correction.