(A and B) Helicase assays in the presence (+) of p44 and Eg5 and increasing amounts of XPD/WT, XPD/T425A, and XPD/T425D. Single- and double-stranded DNA are indicated. (C) XPD/WT and XPD/R683W cells overexpressing XPD/WT, XPD/T425A, or XPD/T425D were treated with increasing doses of UV-C, and cell survival was determined 48 hours later. Data were normalized to unexposed cells (means ± SD of two experiments in triplicates). Significant statistical difference (Student’s t test): between XPD/WT and XPD/R683W cells at 5 J/cm2 (P < 0.001) and at 10, 20, and 30 J/cm2 (P < 0.0001); between XPD/R683W and XPD/R683W + XPD/WT or XPD/R683W + XPD/T425A cells at 10, 20, and 30 J/cm2 (P < 0.0001); and between XPD/R683W and XPD/R683W + XPD/T425D cells at 5 (P < 0.01), 10, and 20 J/cm2 (P < 0.0001) and at 30 J/cm2 (P < 0.001). (D) XPD/R683W cells overexpressing XPD/WT, Eg5/WT, Eg5/S1033A, or Eg5/S1033E were treated as indicated (C) (means ± SD of two experiments in triplicates). Significant statistical difference (Student’s t test) between XPD/R683W + XPD/WT cells and XPD/R683W, XPD/R683W + Eg5/WT, XPD/R683W + Eg5/S1033A, or XPD/R683W + Eg5/S1033E at 10, 20 (P < 0.0001), and 30 J/cm2 (P < 0.0001). (E) In vitro transcription assay with AdMLP template, RNAPII, TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID(TBP), TFIIE, TFIIF core-IIH, CAK and increasing amounts of XPD/WT, XPD/T425A, or XPD/T425D. (F) Transcription assay with increasing amounts of Eg5. (G) RARβ2 gene expression (normalized to the GAPDH RNA amount) after 8 hours of t-RA treatment in XPD/WT and XPD/R683W cells overexpressing XPD/WT, XPD/T425A, or XPD/T425D. The RARβ2 mRNA expression is presented as n-fold induction relative to nontreated cells (means ± SD of two experiments in triplicates; ***P < 0.001, Student’s t test). (H) RARβ2 gene expression in XPD/R683W cells overexpressing either Eg5/WT, Eg5/S1033A, or Eg5/S1033E (means ± SD of two experiments in triplicates).