Table 1.
Baseline characteristics for the whole COVID-19 cohort and the matched cohorts of COVID-19 patients and patients diagnosed with another respiratory infection
| COVID-19 cohort (unmatched; n=1 487 712) | COVID-19 cohort (propensity-score matched; n=1 284 437) | Other respiratory infection cohort (propensity-score matched; n=1 284 437) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 44·0 (21·6) | 42·5 (21·9) | 42·6 (22·1) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 822 711 (55·3%) | 741 806 (57·8%) | 741 696 (57·7%) | |
| Male | 664 460 (44·7%) | 542 192 (42·2%) | 542 305 (42·2%) | |
| Race | ||||
| White | 832 557 (56·0%) | 745 846 (58·1%) | 745 452 (58·0%) | |
| Black or African American | 250 764 (16·9%) | 203 616 (15·9%) | 203 086 (15·8%) | |
| Asian | 36 464 (2·5%) | 29 864 (2·3%) | 30 166 (2·3%) | |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 5685 (0·4%) | 4780 (0·4%) | 4671 (0·4%) | |
| Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 2431 (0·2%) | 1835 (0·1%) | 1791 (0·1%) | |
| Unknown | 359 849 (24·2%) | 298 536 (23·2%) | 299 316 (23·3%) | |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 189 622 (12·7%) | 146 593 (11·4%) | 146 910 (11·4%) | |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 947 086 (63·7%) | 834 868 (65·0%) | 830 486 (64·7%) | |
| Unknown | 351 004 (23·6%) | 302 976 (23·6%) | 307 041 (23·9%) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Overweight or obesity | 320 520 (21·5%) | 267 574 (20·8%) | 265 006 (20·6%) | |
| Hypertensive disease | 469 519 (31·6%) | 392 616 (30·6%) | 388 894 (30·3%) | |
| Type 2 diabetes | 238 094 (16·0%) | 186 867 (14·5%) | 186 048 (14·5%) | |
| Chronic lower respiratory diseases | ||||
| Asthma | 190 561 (12·8%) | 179 381 (14·0%) | 180 792 (14·1%) | |
| Bronchitis, not specified as acute or chronic | 85 358 (5·7%) | 81 692 (6·4%) | 84 159 (6·6%) | |
| Other chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 77 183 (5·2%) | 73 255 (5·7%) | 75 799 (5·9%) | |
| Nicotine dependence | 153 651 (10·3%) | 143 014 (11·1%) | 144 603 (11·3%) | |
| Psychiatric comorbidities | ||||
| Anxiety disorders | 337 877 (22·7%) | 315 075 (24·5%) | 314 335 (24·5%) | |
| Substance use disorders | 208 249 (14·0%) | 191 590 (14·9%) | 192 580 (15·0%) | |
| Mood disorders | 260 720 (17·5%) | 240 583 (18·7%) | 240 747 (18·7%) | |
| Heart disease | ||||
| Ischemic heart diseases | 149 630 (10·1%) | 127 137 (9·9%) | 127 219 (9·9%) | |
| Other forms of heart disease | 285 499 (19·2%) | 245 389 (19·1%) | 244 229 (19·0%) | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 112 982 (7·6%) | 94 726 (7·4%) | 94 474 (7·4%) | |
| Neoplasms (benign or malignant) | 302 578 (20·3%) | 275 015 (21·4%) | 274 985 (21·4%) | |
| Medications | ||||
| Antidepressants | 342 395 (23·0%) | 318 657 (24·8%) | 318 406 (24·8%) | |
| Antipsychotics | 110 197 (7·4%) | 97 337 (7·6%) | 97 186 (7·6%) | |
Data are mean (SD) and n (%). For clarity purposes, apart from race, only characteristics with a prevalence over 5% in the unmatched COVID-19 cohort are shown here; the same table with all characteristics included is presented in the appendix (pp 15–17).