Table 2.

Ferroptosis involvement in the pathological progression of CHD.

Histological type	Interventions	Features or changes	Pathways or signals	References
Vascular endothelial damage	Knock out FPN genes	Increase NTBI, induce chronic iron overload, increase vascular oxidative stress levels, promote AS		[28]
	High sugar and high lipid diet	Iron overload, elevated ROS level, downregulation of GPX4 and lipid peroxidation	HMOX1 increase	[57]
	PDSS2	Inhibit VEC ferroptosis and AS progression	Nrf2 activation	[58]
	miR-17-92 overexpression	Reduce erastin-induced growth inhibition and ROS generation of HUVEC	A20-ACSL4 axis	[59]
	Fluvastatin	Reverse ox-LDL-induced decreases in GPX4 and xCT levels	Regulate GPX4 and xCT	[60]
	PM2.5	Increase ROS production and iron content, decrease GSH, GSH-Px, and NADPH levels, promote lipid peroxidation		[40]
Arterial wall plaque stability damage	High-iron diet	Iron overload, accelerate inflammation and the formation of macrophage-derived foam cells		[61]
	Macrophage-specific FPN1 deficiency	Iron overload, increase oxidative stress and systemic inflammation levels, inhibit ABC transporter protein expression, increase numbers of macrophages, decrease collagen	Downregulate LXRα expression	[62]
	High levels of uric acid	Induce the formation of macrophage-derived foam cells and lipid peroxidation	Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway	[63]
	Cigarette smoke extract	Increase PTGS2 expression, GSH depletion, and lipid peroxidation, SMC ferroptosis		[64]
CM death	Models of HF after MI	Downregulate FTH levels, increase oxidative stress and free iron levels, decrease CM viability		[14]
	Erastin, isoprenaline	Increase free iron levels, promote lipid peroxidation, and decrease CM viability		[65]
	Fer-1, puerarin	Inhibit ferroptosis, reduce the loss of CMs	Upregulate the expression of GPX4 and FTH1	[65]
	MI models	Downregulate the levels of GPX4 protein and GPX4 mRNA expression, increase CM death	Reduce GPX4 level	[66]
	HUCB-MSC exosomes	Inhibit H/R-induced CM ferroptosis, attenuate myocardial injury	miR-23a-3p/DMT1 axis	[13]
	Dexmedetomidine	Inhibit ROS production, maintain the structural integrity of mitochondria, inhibit ferroptosis, attenuate myocardial I/R injury	SLC7A11/GPX4 axis	[67]
	Propofol	Reduce SOD and iron accumulation, decrease lipid peroxidation levels, and increase the expression of antioxidant enzymes	AKT/P53 signaling pathway	[68]
	HF models	Downregulate GPX4 and FTH1 protein levels	TLR4-NOX4 pathway	[69]
MF	Inject iron dextran	Increase MDA levels, decrease glutathione peroxidase levels, leading to the occurrence of MF		[70]
	miR-375-3p	Promote MF due to CM ferroptosis	Downregulate GPX4	[71]
	Dexmedetomidine	Inhibit CM ferroptosis after myocardial I/R, reduce the area of MF	SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway	[67]
MH	Apelin-13	Increase iron and ROS levels in mitochondria of CM, induce mitochondrial damage	Induce the expression of SFXN1 and NCOA4	[72]
	Knock out xCT	Increase PTGS2, MDA, and ROS levels, exacerbate Ang II-induced MH	Downregulate xCT	[50]
	Beclin 1 haploinsufficient	Elevate levels of SLC7A11, GPX4, and NCOA4, promote autophagy and ferroptosis, and exacerbate low ambient temperature-induced MH		[73]