Table 5.

Descriptive statistics and ANOVA results for average effectiveness ratings by type of respondent

Variable	Teachers			Family			ANOVA
Survey question	N	M	SD	N	M	SD	Effect	df	F	p	η2
Story time /reading books	53	3.05	0.86	51	2.72	1.02	Between groups	1	3.19	0.07	0.030
							Within groups	102
							Total	103
Games and social activities	53	3.07	0.89	51	2.78	0.96	Between groups	1	2.54	0.11	0.024
							Within groups	102
							Total	103
Direct Instruction	53	2.39	0.81	51	2.54	0.94	Between groups	1	0.78	0.37	0.008
							Within groups	102
							Total	103
Sing-alongs*	53	3.05	0.79	51	2.41	1.06	Between groups	1	12.36	0.001*	0.108
							Within groups	102
							Total	103
One-on-one time with teachers	53	3.13	0.83	51	3.11	0.93	Between groups	1	0.007	0.93	0.001
							Within groups	102
							Total	103
Hands-on activities with an adult assisting	53	2.94	0.94	51	3.07	0.86	Between groups	1	0.57	0.45	0.006
							Within groups	102
							Total	103
Hands-on activities without adult assisting	53	1.96	0.80	51	2.03	0.95	Between groups	1	0.19	0.65	0.002
							Within groups	102
							Total	103
Art activities	53	2.77	0.93	51	2.64	0.95	Between groups	1	0.46	0.49	0.005
							Within groups	102
							Total	103

 +  p < 0.10; * p < .05; ** = p < .01