Table 1.
Demographics characteristics with normal and elevated cTnI concentration
| Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Three groups*b | Group 1 vs. groups 2 and 3*a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cTnI (μg/L) | < 0.030 | 0.030 < cTnI < 0.10 | > 0.10 | ||
| Clinical characteristics | (n = 97) | (n = 30) | (n = 18) | ||
| Years (mean ± SD) | 66.7 ± 12.2 | 73.9 ± 14 | 75.5 ± 9.3 | 0.001 | 0 |
| Male (%) | 60 (61.8) | 16 (53.3) | 13 (72.2) | 0.425 | 0.867 |
| Medical history | |||||
| Ischemic stroke (%) | 61 (62.8) | 20 (66.6) | 15 (83.3) | 0.244 | 0.231 |
| Hypertension (%) | 72 (74.2) | 20 (66.6) | 13 (72.2) | 0.722 | 0.489 |
| Congestive heart failure (%) | 0 | 1 (3.3) | 4 (22.2) | 0 | 0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease (%) | 2 (2) | 3 (10) | 3 (16.6) | 0.022 | 0.010 |
| Atrial fibrillation (%) | 21 (21.6) | 16 (53.3) | 11 (61.1) | 0 | 0 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 17 (17.5) | 9 (30) | 2 (11.1) | 0.207 | 0.441 |
| Smoking (%) | 42 (43.2) | 5 (16.6) | 4 (22.2) | 0.014 | 0.004 |
| Laboratory data | |||||
| Hyperlipidemia (%) | 23 (23.7) | 4 (13.3) | 3 (16.6) | 0.429 | 0.203 |
| Leukocyte count (mean ± SD) | 8.0 ± 2.88 | 7.4 ± 2.49 | 10.3 ± 3.87 | 0.013 | 0.501 |
| Renal insufficiency (%) | 2 (2) | 2 (6.6) | 3 (16.6) | 0.026 | 0.028 |
| Treatment on admission | |||||
| Calcium antagonists (%) | 29 (29.8) | 9 (30) | 5 (27.7) | 0.904 | 0.928 |
| ACEI/ARB (%) | 16 (16.4) | 5 (16.6) | 2 (11.1) | 0.841 | 0.768 |
| Beta-blockers (%) | 8 (8.2) | 3 (10) | 2 (11.1) | 0.920 | 0.668 |
| Statins (%) | 61 (62.8) | 16 (53.3) | 13 (72.2) | 0.412 | 0.774 |
| Endovascular therapy (%) | 14 (14.4) | 4 (13.3) | 2 (11.1) | 0.929 | 0.752 |
| NIHSS score (mean ± SD) | 9.32 ± 9.02 | 14.46 ± 9.3 | 16.5 ± 9.3 | 0 | 0 |
| Intracranial hemorrhage | 8 (8.2) | 3 (10) | 1 (5.5) | 0.865 | 0.986 |
| Insular cortex involvement | 37 (38.1) | 15 (50) | 8 (44.4) | 0.497 | 0.263 |
| Left insular lobe | 20 (20.6) | 7 (23.3) | 2 (11.1) | 0.573 | 0.792 |
| Right insular lobe | 17 (17.5) | 8 (26.6) | 5 (27.7) | 0.410 | 0.183 |
| Stroke subtypes (TOAST) | 0.191 | 0.069 | |||
| Large artery atherosclerosis | 30 (30.9) | 13 (43.3) | 9 (50) | ||
| Cardiogenic embolism | 28 (28.8) | 9 (30) | 4 (22.2) | ||
| Small vessel disease | 19 (19.5) | 5 (16.6) | 1 (5.5) | ||
| Undetermined etiology | 19 (19.5) | 3 (10) | 4 (22.2) | ||
| Other etiologies | 1 (1) | 0 | 0 |
aMann–Whitney U test. bKruskal–Wallis H test. *p-value. Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; cTnI, cardiac troponin I; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; SD, standard deviation