Results demonstrate that manufacturers maximise revenues by sequencing indication launches to set the highest possible drug price: cancer drugs are first launched for rare diseases that offer significant QALY gains and then extended to indications that deliver lower QALY gains to more eligible patients.

In theory, “pure” value-based indication-specific pricing  - one price per indication - could help to align the clinical benefit and price for multi-indication cancer drugs.

In practice, countries employ a variety of methods, such as weighted-average prices, indication-specific discounts, clinical restrictions, and MEAs, to reflect each indication’s differential value.