Table 1.

Various challenges affecting cell-based meat production (technical, consumer acceptance, ethical issues, religious concerns, regulatory aspects, economy and cost of production, health safety and concerns, environmental issues)

Technical	● Cell source collection ● Culture medium preparation ● Scaffold selection ● Up scaling process and need of bioreactor ● Mimicry and sensorial resembles
Consumer acceptance	● Unnaturalness ● Unappealing ● Unaccepted price
Ethical issues	● Tampering with God’s creatures ● Promoting cell-based meat is one form of advertising red meat as a must diet ● Why not plant based meat? ● Risk of cannibalism
Religious concern	● Questioning whether dietary requirements of Islamic, Jewish, Christian, Hindu and Buddhism is done
Regulatory aspects	● To create guidelines for cell-based meat acceptability and commercialization ● Implementation of safety evaluation and regulatory policies
Economy and cost of product	● Affects nations relying on conventional meat production ● Unemployment in agricultural sectors ● This is a risky innovation that requires skilled labors and investment ● Cost of culture medium
Health safety and concerns	● Use of plastic wares create endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) ● Processed meats create a chance of cancer and cardiovascular diseases ● Safety aspects of used culture medium is unclear
Environmental issues	● Greenhouse gas emission is moderate compared to plant/ insect based proteins ● Energy consumption is high compared to conventional meat