RA	rheumatoid arthritis
TCA cycle	tricarboxylic acid cycle
NSAIDs	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
FLS	fibroblast-like synoviocytes
FDX1	ferredoxin 1
LIAS	lipoic acid synthetase
LIPT1	lipoyltransferase 1
DLD	dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase
DLAT	drolipoamide S-acetyltransferase
PDHA1	pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha 1
PDHB	pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit beta
MTF1	metal-regulatory transcription factor-1
GLS	glutaminase
CDKN2A	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A
MMPs	matrix metallopeptidases
IL	interleukin
CCL20	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20
FoxO3	forkhead box O-3
PDHC	the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
RUNX2	RUNX family transcription factor 2
PKB	phosphorylated protein kinase B
HK2	hexokinase 2
PDHK1	PDH kinases 1
SIRT6	sirtuin 6
PI3K	phosphatidylinositol 3−kinase
AKT	protein kinase B
ERK	the extracellular signal-regulated kinase
NF-κ;B	nuclear factor-κ;B
TNFα	tumor necrosis factor α
NLRP3	the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3
MEG3	maternally expressed gene 3
miR	miRNA
GRP78	glucose-regulated protein 78
ATF6	activating transcription factor 6
CHOP	C/EBP homologous protein
NEK10	NIMA-related kinase 10
IFN-γ	interferon γ
CCR6	chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 6
CXCR3	C-X-C chemokine receptor 3
PPAR-γ	peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor γ
2-HG	2-hydroxyglutarate
KDM5	lysine demethylase 5
H3K4me3	trimethylation of Histone H3 at Lysine 4
ROS	reactive oxygen species
RORγt	retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt
E4F1	E4 transcription factor 1
SIRT4	sirtuin 4
anti-CCP	the antibodies cyclic citrullinated peptides
ESR	erythrocyte sedimentation rate
CRP	C-reactive protein
C1QBP	component 1 q subcomponent-binding protein
Fe/S	iron-sulfur
RANKL	receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand
NADPH	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
CYP11A1	cytochrome P450 11A1
MRE	metal responsive element
PIGF	phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class F
HIF-1	hypoxia-inducible factor-1
FOXP3	forkhead box P3
PHDs	prolyl hydroxylases
ox-LDL	oxidized low-density lipoprotein
NKR	natural killer receptors