Table 2.
Effects of BaP on HTN and AAA.
| Models | Treatment | Effects | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypertension | Rat aortas and VSMCs | 1–10 μmol/L BaP | ↑ vasoconstriction and reversed by AhR, PKC, MAPK, MLCK, and Rho-kinase inhibitor; ↑ ROS | (7) |
| Sprague-Dawley rats | 20 mg/kg/bw for 8 w | ↑ systolic blood pressure, ↑ aortic hyperreactivity to phenylephrine | (7) | |
| 0.01 mg/kg, Intranasal | altered rhythm of blood pressure, ↑ lung neutrophil recruitment | (75) | ||
| 0.15–1.2 mg/kg/ bw at E14-17 | ↑ blood pressure relative genes NOS, eNOS, NADP oxidoreductase (BH4/BH2) and AngII | (76) | ||
| 10 mg/kg/bw, weekly for 4 w | ↑ blood pressure | (14) | ||
| Zebrafish | 1 mg/kg/bw for 24 h | ↑ CYP1A, CYP1B1, CYP1C1, CYP1C2, and COX-1 in mesenteric artery | (77) | |
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | WT mouse +Ang II | 10 mg/kg/bw, weekly for 6 w | ↑ AAA pathogenesis, ↑ VSMC apoptosis | (78) |
| 10 mg/kg/bw, weekly for 5 w | ↑ AAA incidence, ↑ macrophage infiltration, elastic lamella degeneration | (79) | ||
| 10 mg/kg/bw, weekly for 5 w | ↑ AAA pathogenesis, ↑ macrophage infiltration, ↑ MMP2, MMP9, MMP12, NF-kB expression | (80) | ||
| ApoE-/- mouse+Ang II | 5 mg/kg/bw, weekly for 7 w | ↑ AAA pathogenesis, ↑ TNFα, Cyp1 A, MMP9 | (42) | |
| Myocardial injury | Sprague-Dawley rats | 0–10 μmol/L BaP for 0–48 h | ↑ ROS, ↑ NCF1/p47(phox) in macrophages, and reversed by AhR knock down | (81) |
| 20 mg/kg/bw for 7 d | ↑ cardiac hypertrophy, ↑ CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP2E1, CYP4F4, CYP4F5 and soluble epoxide hydrolase | (82) | ||
| Zebrafish embryos | 5 μmol/L | ↑ cardiac abnormalities, ↑ CYP1A1, | (83) | |
| 100 μg/L for 2–18 h | ↑cardiac deformities, Ca2+-cycling gene alteration | (84) | ||
| 0.02–2 μmol /L for 72 h | ↑cardiotoxicity, ↑ AhR1B, CYP1C1, CYP1A1, MMP9, ↓ prox1, tbx5, pak2a | (85) | ||
| 5,000 ng/L for 5 d | ↑ cardiac deformities, ↑ CYP1A, ↓ COX2b | (86) | ||
| Angiogenesis | HUVECs | 0.5 μmol/L (BPDE) | ↓ angiogenesis, ↓ Notch1, ↑ Dll4, Jag1, and ↓ Hey2 | (10) |
| 0–10 μmol/L for 24 h | ↓ angiogenesis, ↓ integrin αv/β3, AhR, MAPK phosphorylation, ↑ CYP1A1 | (87) | ||
| Zebrafish embryos | 1 μmol/L for 24–96 h | ↑ cardiovascular toxicity, ↓ AhR2, myh6, ↑ CYP1A, atp2a2 | (88) | |
| Japanese medaka | 0.1–1 μg/L for 6 d | ↑ heart hypertrophy, ↑ CYP2J23, Coro2A | (89) | |
| WT and AhR-null mice | 125 mg/kg/bw weekly for 4 w | ↑ ischemia-induced angiogenesis, ↑ IL6, VEGF in AhR-null mice | (90) | |
| Kunming mice | 0.2–20 mg/kg/ bw for 1–8 d | ↓ decidual angiogenesis, ↓ CD34, ER, FOXO1, HoxA10, and BMP2 | (91) | |
| Sprague-Dawley rats | 0.2 mg/kg/bw for 9 d | ↓ luteal angiogenesis and vascular maturation, ↓ VEGFR, Ang-1 and Tie2, ↑ THBS1 | (10) |
“↑” means up-regulation and “↓” means down-regulation.